Sensation and Perception

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Presentation transcript:

Sensation and Perception www.ablongman.com/lefton9e This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

The Difference Between Sensation and Perception The process in which receptor cells are stimulated and relay information to higher brain centers Perception The process by which an organism selects and interprets sensory input so it acquires meaning

How Do We Perceive Form and Substance? A. Perception of Form: Constancy 1. Size Constancy Three variables determine size constancy Previous experience with the true size of the object The distance between the object and the person The presence of surrounding objects 2. Shape Constancy

How Do We Perceive Form and Substance? B. Depth Perception Allows a person to Estimate distance from an object Estimate the distance between objects Perceive height, width, and depth Two types of Cues 1. Monocular Cues Do not depend on the use of both eyes Used for paintings and far distances

Depth Perception Binocular cues Cues that require the use of both eyes Predominant at close distances

Conscious experience is more than the sum of its parts Gestalt Laws of Organization How we organize our perceptions into wholes Conscious experience is more than the sum of its parts The Law of Prägnanz Stimuli that can be grouped together as a whole will be seen that way We see the simplest shape possible Define the figure-ground relationship

Gestalt Laws of Organization 1. Law of proximity (items close in space or time) 2. Law of similarity (similar items) 3. Law of continuity (a string of items) 4. Common fate principle (items that move or change together will be perceived as a whole) 5. Law of Closure (filling in the gap)

Extrasensory Perception ESP includes four phenomena Telepathy - mind reading Clairvoyance – ability to recognize objects or events not though ordinary senses Precognition – knowing the future Psychokinesis – ability to move objects using mental powers Experimental evidence for ESP is generally weak