Aim: How Does the Body Communicate Internally? Friday, October 16, 2015 Aim: How Does the Body Communicate Internally? Do Now: Write down your answer the the following question and explain why. This will be collected so put it on a slip of paper. (no need to use an entire piece) According to the psychoanalytic view, depression is caused by Neurotransmitter imbalance Self-defeating thoughts Prolonged exposure to stressors over which the individual has limited control Unresolved experiences of loss from childhood Alcohol or other substance abuse Homework/Announcements: 1. Unit 2 exam Thursday, November 5, 2015 (multiple choice and frq)

Aim: How are messages communicated from one part of the body to another? Neural Communication Synapse [SIN-aps] junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron tiny gap is called the synaptic gap or cleft

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Neurotransmitter Brain chemicals that communicate information throughout the body Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Seven Important Neurotransmitters – DAN’S EGG Aim: How Does the Body Communicate Internally? Seven Important Neurotransmitters – DAN’S EGG Dopamine Acetylcholine Norepinephrine Serotonin Endorphins Glutamine GABA

Schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease Neurotransmitters Aim: How Does the Body Communicate Internally? Normal Function: Produces sensations of pleasure and reward; used by CNS neurons in voluntary movement Dopamine Acetylcholine Norepinephrine Problems with Imbalance: Schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease Serotonin Endorphins Glutamine GABA

Certain muscular disorders, Alzheimer’s disease Neurotransmitters Aim: How Does the Body Communicate Internally? Normal Function: Primary transmitter used by neurons carrying messages from CNS; involved in some kinds of learning and memory Dopamine Acetylcholine Norepinephrine Problems with Imbalance: Certain muscular disorders, Alzheimer’s disease Serotonin Endorphins Glutamine GABA

High blood pressure, depression Neurotransmitters Aim: How Does the Body Communicate Internally? Normal Function: Controls heart rate, sleep, sexual responsiveness, stress, vigilance and appetite Dopamine Acetylcholine Norepinephrine Problems with Imbalance: High blood pressure, depression Serotonin Endorphins Glutamine GABA

Depression, certain anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder Neurotransmitters Aim: How Does the Body Communicate Internally? Normal Function: Regulates sleep and dreaming, mood, pain, aggression, appetite and sexual behavior Dopamine Acetylcholine Norepinephrine Problems with Imbalance: Depression, certain anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder Serotonin Endorphins Glutamine GABA

Pleasurable sensations and control of pain Neurotransmitters Aim: How Does the Body Communicate Internally? Dopamine Normal Function: Pleasurable sensations and control of pain Acetylcholine Norepinephrine Problems with Imbalance: Lowered levels resulting from opiate addiction Serotonin Endorphins Glutamine GABA

Brain damage after stroke Neurotransmitters Aim: How Does the Body Communicate Internally? Dopamine Normal Function: Primary excitatory neurotransmitter in CNS; involved in learning and memory Acetylcholine Norepinephrine Serotonin Problems with Imbalance: Brain damage after stroke Endorphins Glutamine GABA

Most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in neurons of CNS Neurotransmitters Aim: How Does the Body Communicate Internally? Normal Function: Most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in neurons of CNS Dopamine Acetylcholine Norepinephrine Problems with Imbalance: Anxiety, epilepsy Serotonin Endorphins Glutamine GABA

Aim: How Does the Body Communicate Internally? Agonists and Antagonists – Various drugs affect communication at the synapse Agonist: mimics the effect of a neurotransmitter Antagonist: opposes the effect of a Neurotransmitter (can block it)

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Aim: How Does the Body Communicate Internally? Mouse Party http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/mouse/ As we work through the “mouse party” fill out the graphic organizer Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Aim: How Does the Body Communicate Internally? Exit Ticket Answer the aim in at least 2 complete sentences How does the body communicate internally? Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007