“Unification of Italy”

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Presentation transcript:

“Unification of Italy”

I.) Nationalism in Italy Congress of Vienna again divided Italy into multiple states 1. Austria rules city-states of Lombardy & Venetia 2. Spanish Bourbon family rules Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 3. Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia is largest & most powerful city-state

1815 -1848 Nationalism spreads across Italy - Nationalism: devotion to the interests or culture of one's nation 1. Risorgimento = nationalist movement in Italy with goals of liberation and unification 2. Carboni = nationalist secret society in Italy 3. Giuseppe Mazzini = Carboni; creates the Young Italy Movement in 1832 - Goal: spread nationalist ideas 1. led rebellion in 1848 and 1849 (success in 1848 but loses gains in 1849)

II.) Unification In North King Victor Emmanuel II: leader of Piedmont-Sardinia; adopts a liberal constitution in 1848 B. Camillo Benso di Cavour: prime minister; wanted to increase political influence for city-state Goal: to control N. Italy for Sardinia How: War w/ Austria Outcome: - Gain Lombardy - Austria keeps Venetia

III.) Unification In South A. Cavour turns south (Two Sicilies) by secretly supporting………..… Giuseppe Garibaldi = Italian nationalist & leader of the “Red Shirt Army” - conquers Two Sicilies & Naples

IV.) Unification! In 1860 Garibaldi & Emmanuel II with their armies meet in Naples Outcome: agree to join forces Result: Kingdom of Italy created!!

Plebiscites (elections) held throughout Italy Outcome: city-states vote for unification C. Meeting in Turin (1861) Victor Emmanuel confirmed as king of Italy 1. 1866 Italy gains Venetia in war w/Austria 2. 1870 Rome’s citizens vote for unification Outcome: becomes capital

V.) Post-Unification Issues Italy faced political, social, & economic problems: 1. little experience with self government 2. rivalries between regions 3. standard of living was low 4. labor problems grew