Key Question: How do ridges, uplands and fault scarps form? Key Words: Ridges Uplands Fault Scarps This is Granite, where does it form? This is a mountain top, what question would you want to ask?

can form from large igneous intrusions 1. Uplands: can form from large igneous intrusions Cairngorms, Scotland: A 400 million year old granite pluton

1. Uplands Formation e.g. Cairngorms: Plutonic rocks cool … (where?) Volcanic rocks cool… (where?) RECAP underground On the surface What will the speed of cooling and grain size be like at the following locations? A B

Weathering, Erosion and Uplift 1. Uplands Formation e.g. Cairngorms: Present Day 400 Millions of years ago Surrounding rocks less resistant Cairngorms Mountains Weathering, Erosion and Uplift Country rocks Cairngorms Granite Intrusion Cairngorms Granite More Resistant - Forms Uplands DRAW IN LABELED DIAGRAM IN BOOK

1. Uplands Formation e.g. Cornwall So what might be happening here? This is a gravity map, the blue shows lower gravity

1. Uplands Formation e.g. Cornwall Cornwall is famous for it’s granite moorlands of Dartmoor and Bodmin Moor E W ANSWER: That there is a larger area of granite beneath So what’s happening underground? Granite shows as areas of lower gravity. What does the gravity data indicate to you?

50km E Section W-E across the Cornubian batholith Copy out the diagram and label : pluton, dyke feeding pluton, batholith, erosion surface, exposed granite and country rock Section W-E across the Cornubian batholith E Haig Fras Island Dartmoor Bodmin Moor Land’s End Scilly Isles 50km

Dartmoor Red herring alert! Describe the landscape choosing from the descriptors below: Steep slopes, moderately steep slopes, gentle slopes, flat land, low land, upland, thin acid soils, thick clay soils, limey soils, caves, tors, swallow holes, influenced by angle of dip, no bedded rocks so no strata, uniform scenery, varied scenery, moorland, fine grained rocks, coarse grained rocks.

What type of weathering is important on Dartmoor; a wet area with acidic soil and temperatures above freezing for most of the time? Chemical weathering

Recall…Chemical weathering of granite Clay quartz grains dissolved minerals Granite + acids ------- + --------- + --------

Ethiopian Plateau Dartmoor Compare and contrast the geology and scenery of the Ethiopian plateau and Dartmoor. Ethiopian Plateau Dartmoor upland Horizontal strata Freeze-thaw weathering Dry so little chemical weathering Cliffs and steep sided gorges plutonic Erosion by rivers No strata! Onion skin weathering Wet so lots of chemical weathering Rounded slopes volcanic Wind erosion

1. Uplands Formation e.g. Pennines Uplands also occur due to folding. Older more resistant rocks form core of anticline.

2. Ridges A bed of dipping ………………. rock surrounded by softer rock may form a ridge as the…………… rock is eroded at a …………………… rate. harder softer faster RIDGE: Harder Rock Erodes slower Dipping Harder Rock Softer Rock Softer Rock erodes faster

Fault Plane 3. Fault Scarps This is a fault scarp, how might it have formed? Fault Plane

3. Fault Scarp Formation 1. Draw each fault model and work out the type of fault? 2.Explain how a fault scarp forms? Words to use: WEATHERING and EROSION / EARTHQUAKE / TECTONIC MOVEMENT / UPLIFT