Preparing to Write the Essay

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Presentation transcript:

Preparing to Write the Essay Rhetorical Analysis Preparing to Write the Essay

The Rhetorical Triangle / SOAPS

S - Speaker Who is the writer/speaker/author? What are his credentials/his authority? What is his stance (position)? Curious? Opinioned? Passionate? Indifferent? Something else? Knowing all of this about the speaker’s affects how you understand the text, whether you agree or disagree take it seriously, etc.

O - Occasion When? Where? What caused the writing to happen? What’s the broader issue, the big picture? The immediate situation? Atmosphere Attitudes Events

A -- Audience Who is the intended audience? Are you a member of that group? If not, should you plan to look up unfamiliar terms/concepts Might you run into ideas/assumptions/ philosophies that you DON’T agree with?

P -- Purpose Why are YOU reading this text? WHY does the text exist? What is the writer’s goal? What does he want to achieve? Entertain? Inform? Persuade? What does he want you to think or to do now? Why are YOU reading this text?

S - Subject What is the text about? Specific / general? Current / timeless?

Other Aspects to Consider…

Genre Knowing the genre can help you anticipate key features. What is the genre? Fiction? Nonfiction? Analysis? Essay? Something else? Knowing the genre can help you anticipate key features.

G – Genre Continued Publisher / Sponsor? Date of publication? What is the medium the text is written in? Speech? Essay? Letter? Book – fiction/nonfiction? Web? Publisher / Sponsor? Date of publication? Reputable? Credible?

Your Reaction to the Text What is your initial reaction? Emotional Intellectual Why do you think you had this reaction? Agree / disagree? Personal experiences / background? Personal beliefs / philosophies? As much as possible, don’t let your own opinions color your analysis of the situation. That’s why you have to identify your opinions up front!

Appeals

ETHOS To demonstrate Credibility Trustworthiness Consider the speaker’s: Reputation Expertise / experience Knowledge Sincerity Any combination of the above The speaker’s ethos gives the audience a reason for listening to this person on this subject.

PATHOS Appeals to Emotions Values Desires Hopes/fears/prejudices There is great power in evoking an audience’s emotions. TOOLS: Figurative language Personal anecdotes Vivid imagery

LOGOS TOOLS: Appeal to reason Uses clear, rational ideas Specific details Examples Facts Statistics Charts Graphs Expert testimony

Putting it All Together

In Your Book Group Analyze the rhetorical situation Einstein’s letter for SOAPS and G.

In Your Book Group Analyze Lou Gehrig’s Farewell Speech Analyze Gehrig’s argument & appeals

With ONE Partner Analyze Bush’s 9/11 speech Analyze Bush’s argument & appeals

On Your Own Analyze the book’s rhetorical situation Analyze the author’s argument & appeals

In Your Book Group Share your rhetorical analysis of your book Discuss Add Modify