More Practice Review Chapter 8

1. The normal occlusal relationship between the upper and lower teeth is called malocclusion distocclusion neutrocclusion mesiocclusion orthocclusion

2. When the mandible projects too far forward the occlusive relationship is called malocclusion distocclusion neutrocclusion mesiocclusion orthocclusion

3. When the mandible is too far back the occlusive relationship is called malocclusion distocclusion neutrocclusion mesiocclusion orthocclusion

4. The soft palate is made of bone covered with muscle and epithelial tissue is immovable is moveable and can form a barrier between the oral and nasal cavities is also known as the velum c and d, are correct

5. The velopharyngeal passage is controlled by movements of the epiglottis is open except during swallowing is controlled by movements of the velum and pharyngeal walls is closed for consonants and open for vowels both c and d

6. A person with a hypernasal voice quality may also misarticulate /g/ and /k/ sounds /s/ and /f/ sounds low pitched sounds /m/ and /n/ sounds a and b

7. The major muscle of velopharyngeal closure is the tensor veli palatini musculus uvuli palatoglossus levator veli palatini palatopharyngeus

8. The inner surface of the upper lip is connected at its midline to the area above the upper teeth by the palatus levatorus superior labial frenulum faucial pillar inferior labial frenulum velini palates

9. The muscle that surrounds both the upper and lower lips is called the mentalis depressor anguli orbicularis oris risorius none of the above

10. A class III malocclusion is one in which the mandible is too far forward too far back correctly positioned laterally offset none of the above

11. Which muscle is not an elevator of the lips mentalis zygomaticus major labii superioris risorius none of the above

12. The hard palate is anterior to the soft palate formed by the palatine process of the maxilla and a portion of the palatine bones lined with epithelial tissue all of the above none of the above

13. The soft palate is anterior to the hard palate formed by the palatine process of the maxilla and a portion of the palatine bones attached to the hard palate by the palatal aponeurosis all of the above none of the above

14. All of the following are muscles of the velum except levator veli palatini genioglossus musculus uvuli palatoglossus tensor veli palatini

15. The extrinsic muscles of the tongue control fine movements of the tongue run parallel to the length of the tongue attach the tongue to other structures all of the above none of the above

16. Which of the following is an intrinsic muscle of the tongue hyoglossus stylopharyngeus risorius hamulus none of the above

17. The six stops of English are made by allowing air to escape around a partial blockage in the vocal tract gradually releasing pressurized air from a constriction in the vocal tract suddenly releasing pressurized air from a constriction in the vocal tract suddenly releasing pressurized air from the nasal cavity none of the above

18. Which of the following is not true of fricatives there are five voiceless and four voiced fricatives in English they are formed by forcing pressurized air through a narrow channel in the vocal tract they can be formed when the velopharyngeal passage is either closed or open two articulators approximate but do not touch each other during fricative production all of the above are true of fricatives

19. When the tongue shifts very rapidly from a position for a front vowel to a position for a back vowel, the sound that emerges is a diphthong glide nasal liquid none of the above

20. The acoustic features of silent gap, release burst, and voice onset time occur in stops semivowels diphthongs nasals none of the above

21. Which is cupids bow?

22. Which is the nasopharynx?

23. Which is the obicularis occuli?

24. Which is the canine?

Place of Production Cues

Manner of Production

List the Consonants in 4 Steps 1. abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 2. 3. 4.

Identify the Vowels i

The formants of a speech sound are concentrations of energy at the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract. Formant frequency (Hz) = center frequency of the resonance Formant bandwidth (Hz). Given a formant with peak amplitude A, the formant bandwidth is the difference in frequency between the points on either side of the peak which have amplitude A/(sq. root of 2) (corresponds to 3 dB down from peak)

Formant Basics Each of the preferred resonating frequencies of the vocal tract (each bump in the frequency response curve) is known as a formant. They are usually referred to as F1, F2, F3, etc. For example, the formants for a typical adult male saying a schwa: F1 first formant 500 Hz F2 second formant 1500 Hz F3 third formant 2500 Hz

Vowel Quadrilateral

21 Compare and contrast the structure and function of the lips and the structure and function of the tongue.

22 Compare and contrast the structure and function of the hard palate and the structure and function of the soft palate.

23 Identify and describe the four valves of the vocal tract, and explain how each is involved in speech production.

24 Explain the similarities and differences in the production and resulting acoustic characteristics of stops and fricatives.

25 Describe the characteristics of the vocal tract as an acoustic resonator.

26 Referring to the three spectra describe the source-filter theory of vowel production.

27 Why is there an inverse relationship between F1 and tongue height, in the production of vowels?

Wideband spectrograms of the vowels of American English in a /b__d/ context. Top row, left to right: "bead" "bid" "bade" "bed" "bad". Bottom row, left to right: "bod" "bawd" "bode" "buhd" "booed".)

F1 is influenced by tongue body height. F2 is influenced by tongue body frontness/backness.

Identify the characteristics of each sound: sound voicing place manner adder voiced alveolar stop father singing etching robber ether pleasure hopper selling sunny lodger

1. Which words begin with a bilabial consonant: met net set bet let pet 2. Which words begin with a velar consonant: knot got lot cot hot pot 3. Which words begin with a labiodental consonant: fat cat that mat chat vat 4. Which words begin with an alveolar consonant: zip nip lip sip tip dip 5. Which words begin with a dental consonant: pie guy shy thigh thy high 6. Which words begin with a palato-alveolar consonant: sigh shy tie thigh thy lie 7. Which words end with a fricative: race wreath bush bring breathe bang rave real ray rose rough