Pre AP – Aug. 9, 2018 DO NOW: AGENDA: Grab a big sheet of paper and a marker Wait for me to tell you which example you’re assigned AGENDA: Discuss Diction Exercises Notes on Rhetoric and Review Annotation Begin Annotating Article

Do Now! Prepare to take notes (Cornell Style) Title of notes: “Rhetorical Device” EQ: What is Rhetoric and how do I recognize it?

definition of rhetoric Rhetoric = persuasion Rhetorical devices = persuasive techniques

Rhetorical Triangle Context MESSAGE Pathos Ethos Style Tone Logos AUDIENCE SPEAKER The triangle combines traditional rhetorical concepts (see James Kinneavy, A Theory of Discourse) and adds concepts drawn from functional grammar (see Halliday and matthiessen, Halliday’s Introduction to Functional Grammar). What follows is a brief discussion of each of the concepts, starting with Contexts. Context

Context Context = Occasion Under what circumstance (Where and When) is the piece being written? What is going on in the world? Why is the author writing it? ( The same speech given at a funeral might be heard differently if given at a wedding – a message during war time might be received differently than in a time of peace - someone being paid to write an article might be perceived differently than someone who is writing for the first time, and so on…)

Rhetorical Strategies Ethos, Pathos, Logos Aristotle’s methods of persuasion (These are the basics). The triangle combines traditional rhetorical concepts (see James Kinneavy, A Theory of Discourse) and adds concepts drawn from functional grammar (see Halliday and matthiessen, Halliday’s Introduction to Functional Grammar). What follows is a brief discussion of each of the concepts, starting with Contexts.

Ethos When the author establishes credibility or authority. The author proves he/she is… informed intelligent compassionate Honest Etc. She’s a chef! She also owns dogs. We trust she knows how to make dog food.

Logos Logical Appeals—Using Logic Rhetoricians agree: logic is the heart of any argument. Discuss subject/make argument logically.

Some Types of Logical appeals Real examples Historic examples Hypothetical examples Analogical examples Statistical examples If – Then statements Inductive and Deductive Reasoning

Pathos Emotional appeals—enabling audience to emotionally identify/connect with argument about topic. Author invokes emotions in audience (anger, patriotism, pity, etc.), to essentially emotionally manipulate them.

Tone

Tone Cont. Tone is not explained or expressed directly by the author. A reader must “read between the lines” to discover the author’s attitude and tone. A tone is not an action, it is an attitude.

Some examples of tone…

This is a figure of speech, but why use “blush” instead of “glance” or “look”? Blush implies that there is something to be embarrassed about or ashamed of. Shows bias. At first blush, it sounds like the talk of a conspiracy theorist: a company implanting microchips under employee’s skin. But it’s not a conspiracy, and employees are lining up for the opportunity. Pathos: Emotional appeal – trying to play on people’s fears by invoking the idea of “conspiracy” and “dangerous technology”

7 Steps of Annotation Step 1 –Cold read Step 2 – Re-read the text and identify confusing parts or difficult vocab and circle them Step 3 – Look up the vocab or clarify the confusing parts Step 4 – Find the thesis and highlight it yellow Step 5 – Find where the author provides evidence to support his thesis and highlight it green Step 6 – Write comments in the margins next to every green highlight – explain to your self why you chose to make it green. Step 7 – Summarize what you’ve annotated into your own words (at the bottom of the page is fine, or on a separate sheet of paper)