Vitamins – micronutrients Organic Fat or water soluble Table 35

Vitamin deficiency Vitamin fortification To what extent is mass medication through the food we eat an infringement of personal freedom? Is there a way to strike balance between the claim of scientists/government to knowing what is best for health vs. right of an individual to choose what to eat?

Pigments - intense absorption bands, color that is seen is reflected Table 35 Because… Highly conjugated = p orbital electrons are delocalized in benzene rings structures E- not held as tightly so become excited Chromophore – part of molecule that absorbs the radiation chromophore

Porphyrins Big rings Nitrogen-containing Ligand with metals

Chlorophyll

Hemoglobin – heme group

Cooperative binding of O2 to Hb

High temp, exercise so need to O2 High CO2 (low pH), need O2 released

Fetal = 2 alpha and 2 gamma

Cytochromes Responsible for electron transport Difference: Fe become reduced and re-oxidized

Carotenoids Accessory pigment in photosynthesis

Anthocyanins Formed in reaction between sugars and proteins requiring light Sensitive to pH – can be used as indicators