Forebrain Domina Petric, MD

Brain ventricles http://img.medscapestatic.com/pi/meds/ckb/24/12424tn.jpg

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in choroid plexus. http://www.patienthelp.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Choroid-plexus-images.jpg

Septum pellucidum divides two lateral ventricles. Wikipedia.org

Cerebrospinal fluid produced in lateral ventricles goes into the third ventricle. Foramen of Monroe or the interventricular foramen http://neurocritic.blogspot.hr/2009/11/noxious-mystery-substance-released-into.html Third ventricle is bounded on either side by the hypothalamus. Thalamus is above the third ventricle.

Fourth brain ventricle The smallest of the channels within human brain is cerebral acqueduct that extends from third to fourth brain ventricle. Fourth brain ventricle http://inside.ucumberlands.edu/academics/biology/faculty/kuss/courses/Nervous%20system/BrainVentriclesCSFsmall.jpg

Foramens of the fourth ventricle http://humanphysiology.academy/OSC-CNS/CSF2.gif Foramen of Magendie is the medial foramen. There are two lateral foramens: apertures of Luschka.

Cerebrospinal fluid Cerebrospinal fluid exits the brain ventricles and flows around the entire cerebral hemisphere in subarachnoid space. The subarachnoid space contains one or two millimeters of CSF. CSF is an important pyhsical buffer. The drainage of CSF along the dorsal midline is happening via subarachnoid granulations. Subarachnoid granulations are one-way valves that allow CSF to leave the subarachnoid space and drain into the superior sagittal sinus. From the superior sagittal sinus (and other sinuses) CSF goes back to the venous blood.

Subarachnoid granulation http://www.learnneurosurgery.com/uploads/1/6/6/8/16689668/5813062_orig.png

Chronic alcohol abuse There is unusual amount of space between the folia of the cerebellum (cerebellar atrophy). University of Utah

Internal capsule and deep grey matter II.

Telencephalon anterior comissure fornix internal capsule Grey matter White matter Ventricle Cortical structures are: cerebral cortex hippocampus amygdala Basal ganglia are: caudate nucleus putamen nucleus accumbens globus pallidus corpus callosum anterior comissure fornix internal capsule lateral ventricle

caudate nucleus (head, body and tail) Striatum caudate nucleus (head, body and tail) nucleus accumbens putamen

Striatum, amygdala and thalamus Caudate nucleus body Caudate nucleus (head) Striatum, amygdala and thalamus Nucleus accumbens Thalamus Putamen Wikipedia.org Amygdala Caudate nucleus tail Thalamus is posterior and medial to putamen.

AND The internal capsule The internal capsule is the massive system of white matter that runs between the cerebral cortex and everything that falls below the cerebral cortex. Internal capsule axons pass the thalamus, brain stem and spinal cord: many of axons are going in descending direction. Axons that are coming from the thalamus are projecting back to the cerebral cortex. Axons of the internal capsule are slipping between: the body of caudate nucleus, the thalamus the putamen, the nucleus accumbens AND

Globus pallidus Wikipedia.org

Thalamus and caudate nucleus are on the medial side of the internal capsule. Internal capsule Nucleus accumbens is inferior to the internal capsule. https://image.slidesharecdn.com/internalcapsule-140528094901-phpapp02/95/internal-capsuleanatomy-6-638.jpg?cb=1401270741 On the lateral side of the internal capsule are putamen and the globus pallidus.

Putamen regulates movement of the body. P: path (body movement) C: central (eye, thougts) A: affects (emotion, mood) Function Putamen regulates movement of the body. Caudate nucleus regulates movements of the eyes, movements of the mind and thoughts. Nucleus Accumbens is involved with modulating movements of emotion or mood.

Hippocampus Wikipedia.org Neuroscienifically challenged

Diencephalon Grey matter: thalamus hypothalamus White matter is fornix. Ventricles: third ventricle.

Literature https://www.coursera.org/learn/medical-neuroscience/lecture: Leonard E. White, PhD, Duke University.

Literature Medscape.com Wikipedia.org http://neurocritic.blogspot.hr http://inside.ucumberlands.edu http://humanphysiology.academy http://library.med.utah.edu www.patienthelp.org www.learnneurosurgery.com Slideshare.com