Transformation of Energy: meta = “change” bolism = chemical reactions Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy pg. 218-221 Transformation of Energy: meta = “change” bolism = chemical reactions Energy is the ability to do work. Thermodynamics is the study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe. Thermo = heat Dynamics = change

All of the chemical reactions in a cell Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy Metabolism All of the chemical reactions in a cell Anabolism = body building (plants) Catabolism = tissue breaking down, shrinking Photosynthesis—light energy from the Sun is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell Cellular respiration—organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell

Laws of Thermodynamics Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy Laws of Thermodynamics First law—energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created nor destroyed. Second law—energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy.

Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food. Auto = “self” Heterotrophs are organisms that need to ingest food to obtain energy. Hetero = “different” Troph = “energy”

ATP: The Unit of Cellular Energy Chapter 8 Cellular Energy 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy ATP: The Unit of Cellular Energy ATP releases energy when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken, forming a molecule called adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate group.