Section 2: Functional Groups (chapter 23)

Functional Groups: A group of atoms attached to a hydrocarbon chain that gives it specific properties. Example: Alcohol Functional Group Propane: Properties: Propanol: New Properties:

Halocarbons: Compound Structure: Solubility: More soluble with more halogens attached to hydrocarbon Boiling Point: Increase with increasing number of halogen 2 Cool Facts: Used for anesthetics, refrigerants, and industrial cleaning supplies

Alcohol: Structure: R- OH Solubility: Soluble with hydrocarbons fewer than 4 carbons Boiling Point: High boiling points 2 Cool Facts: Use as fuel, antifreeze, fats, and oils

Ether: Structure: Solubility: Yes Boiling Point: Slightly lower BP than alcohol but higher than other hydrocarbons 2 Cool Facts: Used as anesthetics

Aldehyde: Structure: Solubility: In all proportions for hydrocarbons less than 4 carbons long. Boiling Point: Slightly Lower boiling points than alcohols and are liquid or solid at room temperature. 2 Cool Facts: Fragrant smells and penetrating odors.

Ketone: Structure: Solubility: For less than 4 carbons long Boiling Point: Lower than alcohols. Solids and liquids at room temperatures 2 Cool Facts: Fragrant odors

Carboxylic Acid: Structure: Solubility: Yes, for small compounds Boiling Point: Higher boiling points than other functional groups. 2 Cool Facts: Lower members are colorless and have unpleasant odors and larger molecules are waxy and oily.

Ester: Structure: Solubility: Slightly soluble for molecules less than 4 to 5 carbons long. Boiling Point: Lower boiling points 2 Cool Facts: Have fruity smells

Esterification: Production of an ester by mixing carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst.

Draw the ester from the two compounds:

Saponification: Process of making soap by using fat and a strong base.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Soapsap1.gif

Video for soap making: http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?v ideoId=AbsY68lrCWo

Making Biodesiel:

Warm up: Describe what a functional group is and how it affects a hydrocarbon.

Soap Making Lab Objective: Students will make soap using oil and sodium hydroxide. Materials: List all materials used. Procedure: Measure out 100g of oil Calculate the amount of NaOH needed. (show calc) Prepare NaOH mixture Heat both materials to 50 C and then add. Analysis: Explain how soap is made using both drawings of the reaction and an explination.