“The Negroes are so wilful and loth to leave their own country, that have often leap’d out of the canoes, boat and ship, into the sea, and kept under water till they were drowned, to avoid being taken up and saved by our boats… they having a more dreadful apprehension of Barbadoes than we can have of hell.” -English sailor, mid-1600s. 1)What is going on during this time period? 2) What is the point of view of this author? 3) Would this source be reliable? Why or why not?

English colonization The Northern Colonies

Background Religious conflicts in England Puritans vs. the Church of England Puritans challenged the authority of the authority of the King of England, forced to flee.

Plymouth Group of Puritans landed in Plymouth Bay in 1620 – religious freedom. Mayflower Compact – early self government. Economy - fur, lumber, fishing, & trade. Rocky soil

Massachusetts bay colony Religious freedom. 1629 Prosperous – fishing, shipbuilding, commerce. Life centered around town halls and church. Separation of church and state. “Protestant work ethic”

Trouble in paradise Anne Hutchinson – challenged authority of Puritan leaders, banished. Rhode Island – exiles, absolute religious freedom. Pequot War (1637) – Puritans defeated Pequot tribe. King Philip’s War (1676) – Native tribes defeated.

Early independence New England Confederation – formed for mutual defense. Navigation Laws – restricted colonial trade to only with England. Angry over increased English control. “Salutary neglect” – navigation laws were weakened.

English expansion New York taken from the Dutch (1664). Pennsylvania – William Penn. Refuge for Quakers. Religious freedom.

Middle colonies New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania Fertile soil - ”bread colonies” Mixed economy Diverse population

Question #1 The colony founded by the Pilgrims in Plymouth Bay was Immediately successful. At war from the start with native populations. So ravaged by its first winter that many settlers abandoned the colony and returned home. Prosperous within a year, based on a bountiful harvest. Led by a series of corrupt, poorly educated men.

Question #2 How did Indians resist English encroachment on their land? By forging intertribal alliances. By agreeing to convert to the Puritan faith. By seeking peaceful, cooperative use of the land. By arranging marriages between Indians and settlers. By seeking assistance from sympathetic colonists and English men.

Question #3 Which of the following statements about the Pennsylvania colony is NOT true? It was founded by William Penn as a haven for Quakers. Organizers widely advertised to draw prospective settlers from several European countries. Relations between early colonists and Indians were initially tense. Its founder wanted to experiment with liberal forms of government. Generous land policies attracted large numbers of immigrants.

Question #4 The middle colonies – New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania – all had which of the following traits in common? Rich, fertile soil that enabled the region to produce and export vast quantities of grain. A population that was less ethnically and religiously mixed than other regions. Soil that was typically rocky and often difficult to farm. Landholdings that were generally small in size. Few industries or port cities for trade with England and other colonies.

Question #5 The Mayflower Compact, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, and First Frame of Government in Pennsylvania are all evidence of Adherence to religious law in the colonies. Democracy in the British colonies. Early American criminal and civil laws. Colonists desire for freedom from Great Britain. Peace treaties between colonist and Native Americans.