Comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Netsanet A. Negewo, B Pharm, MSc, Vanessa M. McDonald, DipHlthScien (Nurs), BNurs, PhD (Medicine), Peter G. Gibson, MBBS, FRACP Respiratory Investigation Volume 53, Issue 6, Pages 249-258 (November 2015) DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2015.02.004 Copyright © 2015 The Japanese Respiratory Society Terms and Conditions
Fig. 1 Comorbidities associated with COPD and their prevalence. The prevalence for cardiovascular diseases was taken from Refs. [26,27]; metabolic syndrome, Refs. [25,26]; osteoporosis, Ref. [52]; skeletal muscle dysfunction, Ref. [57]; psychiatric diseases, Refs. [83,84]; cognitive impairment, Ref. [91]; gastrointestinal diseases, Refs. [75,30]; and for respiratory diseases, Refs. [63,64,68,71,30]. Respiratory Investigation 2015 53, 249-258DOI: (10.1016/j.resinv.2015.02.004) Copyright © 2015 The Japanese Respiratory Society Terms and Conditions