L. Pesesse, C. Sanchez, D. A. Walsh, J. -P. Delcour, C. Baudouin, P

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Bone sialoprotein as a potential key factor implicated in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis L. Pesesse, C. Sanchez, D.A. Walsh, J.-P. Delcour, C. Baudouin, P. Msika, Y. Henrotin Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 22, Issue 4, Pages 547-556 (April 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.01.010 Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Effect of PTHrP (20 nM), an inhibitor of chondrocyte hypertrophy, on collagen type 10 expression (col10a1) and BSP expression and production by OA non-hypertrophic (day 3) and hypertrophic (days 21 and 28) chondrocytes. (A) Col10a1 was not expressed by non-hypertrophic chondrocytes but well by hypertrophic chondrocytes. Col10a1 expression was repressed when chondrocytes were cultivated with PTHrP after 21 days (P = 0.0003) and 28 days (P = 0.0016) of culture and when PTHrP was added for the last 7 days of culture (P = 0.0013) (ANOVA: P < 0.0001). (B) BSP was not expressed or produced by non-hypertrophic chondrocytes but its expression by hypertrophic chondrocytes was repressed by PTHrP at day 21 (P = 0.0009) and day 28 (P = 0.0254) and when PTHrP was added for the last 7 days of culture (P = 0.0243) (ANOVA: P < 0.0001). Gene expression was analysed by RT-PCR and normalized by the house-keeping gene HPRT. BSP production (65 kDa) by hypertrophic chondrocytes, evaluated by western blot and normalized to tubulin-α (55 kDa), was clearly decreased by PTHrP after 21 and 28 days of culture and slightly decreased when PTHrP was added between days 21 and 28. Control (CTL) condition is constituted of Saos-2 cell extracts. Independent observations were analysed by a single-step multiple comparison procedure (Tukey's test) after one-way ANOVA and are presented in percentage of control with the mean ± 95% confidence interval. +7D corresponds to the addition of PTHrP for the last 7 days of culture only. Each data point is the mean of two measures performed on three different chondrocytes cultures, each made from a different pool of primary human chondrocytes coming from several different donors. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2014 22, 547-556DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2014.01.010) Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Effect of IL-1β (170 pg/ml) or TNFα (25 ng/ml) on BSP expression and production by OA non-hypertrophic (day 3) and hypertrophic (days 21 and 28) chondrocytes. BSP was not expressed or produced by non-hypertrophic chondrocytes but its expression by hypertrophic chondrocytes was repressed by IL-1β after 28 days (P = 0.0115) and when IL-1β was added to the culture medium from day 21 to 28 (P = 0.012). TNFα also completely repressed BSP expression after 28 days (P = 0.0139) and when added for the last 7 days of culture (P = 0.0114) (ANOVA: P = 0.0023). Gene expression was analysed by RT-PCR and normalized by the house-keeping gene HPRT. BSP production (65 kDa), evaluated by western blot and normalized to tubulin-α (55 kDa), was completely repressed by IL-1β and TNFα after 21 and 28 days of culture and when the cytokines were added to the medium for the last 7 days of culture. Control (CTL) condition is constituted of Saos-2 cell extracts. Independent observations were analysed by a single-step multiple comparison procedure (Tukey's test) after one-way ANOVA and are presented in percentage of control with the mean ± 95% confidence interval. +7D corresponds to the addition of IL-1β or TNFα for the last 7 days of culture only. Each data point is the mean of two measures performed on triplicate conditions in three different chondrocytes cultures, each made from a different pool of primary human chondrocytes coming from several different donors. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2014 22, 547-556DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2014.01.010) Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Immunoassay analysis of the expression of (A and B) TSP-1 and (C and D) IL-8 by OA chondrocytes cultivated in 1% ITS+ supplemented medium (control) under the influence of recombinant BSP at 25 ng/ml (BSP 25), 100 ng/ml (BSP 100) or 400 ng/ml (BSP400) in basal (A and C) or IL-1β-stimulated (B and D) condition. IL-1β significantly stimulated TSP-1 production after 8 (P < 0.0001) and 12 (P < 0.0001) days of culture. IL-1β-stimulated TSP-1 production was significantly decreased by BSP at 25 ng/ml after 8 (P = 0.0116) and 12 (P = 0.0242) days of culture. IL-1β-stimulated IL-8 production was stimulated after 12 days of culture with recombinant BSP at 25 ng/ml (P = 0.006), 100 ng/ml (P = 0.0004) and 400 ng/ml (P = 0.001). Independent observations were analysed by a single-step multiple comparison procedure (Tukey's test) after one-way ANOVA and were normalized to DNA content and presented as mean ± SE cumulated in time. Each data point is the mean of three measures performed on triplicate conditions from three different chondrocytes cultures, each made from a different pool of primary human chondrocytes coming from several different donors. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2014 22, 547-556DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2014.01.010) Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 BSP is detected on sections of OA cartilage by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody. Representative pictures of three different sections of OA cartilage. (A) BSP-positive chondrocytes and extracellular matrix are localized in the superficial damaged layer of OA cartilage. (B) BSP is detected in clones of chondrocytes located around damaged and fibrillated cartilage. (C) Greater magnification of BSP-positive clones of chondrocytes. Dark arrows indicate the surface of cartilage. Clear arrow indicates the tidemark (magnification 5×, 10× and 20×). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2014 22, 547-556DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2014.01.010) Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Comparison of cartilage degradation scores between samples in which BSP was absent and those in which BSP was present. Cartilage samples come from biopsies from OA (n = 24) and non-OA (n = 9) patients. The photographic chondropathy score (PCS) was obtained based on the method described by Walsh et al35. The Mankin score was calculated as described in the Material and methods section. (A) PCS and (B) the Mankin score were higher in cartilage in which BSP was present (P < 0.0001). Data were analysed by Student's t test and are presented as mean ± 95% confidence interval. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2014 22, 547-556DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2014.01.010) Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Comparison of each component of the Mankin score between samples in which BSP was absent and those in which BSP was present. Cartilage samples come from biopsies from OA (n = 24) and non-OA (n = 9) patients. (A) Cartilage surface integrity (B) chondrocytes appearance (C) proteoglycan loss and (D) tidemark integrity were higher when BSP was present in cartilage samples (P = 0.0002, P < 0.0001, P = 0.0081, P = 0.0158, respectively). Data were analysed by Student's t test and are presented as mean ± 95% confidence interval. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2014 22, 547-556DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2014.01.010) Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Comparison of the vascular density between samples in which BSP was absent and those in which BSP was present. Cartilage samples come from biopsies from OA (n = 24) and non-OA (n = 9) patients. Vascular density was higher when BSP was present in cartilage samples (P = 0.0094). Vascular density corresponds to the ratio between the number of vascular structures and length of the tidemark (in millimetre). Data were analysed by Student's t test and are presented as mean ± 95% confidence interval. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2014 22, 547-556DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2014.01.010) Copyright © 2014 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions