BELLWORK Block 1 Use your video notes and pages 493-495 in the textbook to answer the following. What was the relationship between Parliament and the government of the British colonies in North America? What arguments might the British have made to justify taxing the colonists to pay for the French and Indian War? What was the Declaration of Independence? THINKER: How did the Enlightenment influence the colonists? (Think about the Enlightenment period in Europe….how did that compare to what the colonists wanted?)

Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson was the main author. Highlighted the colonists’ reasons for separation from Great Britain Stated individuals have certain rights that cannot be taken away by the government. The people have the right to change the government. Showed how Great Britain and the king abused their powers. Congress adopted it on July 4,1776.

Two sides of the American Revolution America was an un-developed nation that successfully beat the largest military/naval power of the time, England. Answer how were they able to do this? Why did America win the Revolution? Guerilla warfare, alliance with France, home territory, will & desire for freedom, espionage, new fighting tactics (targeting leaders & bayonets)

Turning Point of the American Revolution British defeat at Saratoga Caused France and Spain to ally with the colonies. Led to a British surrender in October 1781 (Battle of Yorktown)

A republic with an elected president U.S. Constitution Set up a federal system, political authority divided between the national and state governments. Separation of powers between executive, legislative, and judicial branches. A republic with an elected president

Bill of Rights The first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution. Government must protect certain civil liberties, such as: Freedom of speech, religion, and the press Right to private property and trial by jury

Using the Primary Sources on pages 498 & 499, answer the following: What reasons do the excerpts provide for the creation of the U.S. Bill of Rights and the English Bill of Rights? Compare and Contrast the treatments of freedom of speech and the right to petition in the English and U.S. Bill of Rights. What do the U.S. Bill of Rights and the English Bill of Rights state about excessive bail? Why do you think this concept is included in a listing of rights? How do the U.S. Bill of Rights and the English Bill of Rights differ regarding the right to bear arms? What events in England’s history might account for these differences? Why do you think the U.S. Bill of Rights differs in this respect? How do both documents treat the concept of cruel and unusual punishment? What body or bodies does the U.S. bill of Rights point to as the authority for issuing the Bill of Rights? What body or bodies does the English Bill of Rights mention? How do these two documents differ in the authorities they mention?

Discussion How did Enlightenment philosophers/ideas influence the United States’ government? List at least three ways! How did the American Revolution influence other revolutions in the Americas? List three similarities between the American Revolution and the English Civil War.

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense Published anonymously in January 1776 Presented American colonists with an argument for freedom from the British at a time when the question of seeking independence was still undecided Paine wrote and reasoned in a style that the commoner could understand Increased colonial unity, understanding of common goals and desire to seek independence. Why do you think it was called “common sense?”

Causes of the American Revolution As the king continued to implement taxes, martial law and oppressive rule, revolution became more likely. The desire to fight for independence started in Boston, MA…… why? Widespread boycotts More politically radical More defiant of British laws British military occupation Wealthy due to trade; did not want to share this wealth with the British! Openly defiant of British taxes

Causes of the American Revolution Causes & Effects

Create a T-Chart for Causes and Effects

Unrest in Boston: In order to enforce new laws (like the Declaratory Act), Britain sent soldiers to the new colonies. Boston became the center of conflict between the colonists (Patriots/Rebels) and British (Tories/Loyalists) Boston Massacre: On March 5, 1770, a squad of British soldiers were harassed by a Boston crowd, eventually leading to gunfire and five American deaths.

“The Destruction of Tea at Boston Harbor” by: Nathan Currier, 1846 Unrest in Boston Britain responded by implementing the Tea Act Increased the tax on tea Could ONLY buy tea from British companies Increased punishment for illegal trade or smuggling tea Boston Tea Party: colonists snuck onto tea ships and dumped the chests of tea into the harbor. (5/10/1773) “The Destruction of Tea at Boston Harbor” by: Nathan Currier, 1846

British Response to Tea Party “Intolerable Acts” Closed Boston Harbor until all tea was repaid Reasserted control in MA Quartering Act How did colonists respond to this?

First Continental Congress September 5, 1774 Unite all colonies against Great Britain Organized boycotts Argued they should have right to make laws in the colonies Try compromise Agreed to meet again if things did not improve

First Continental Congress

BELLWORK: BLOCK 2 What role did Africans play in shaping the English colonies? List three problems colonists encountered while living in the English colonies. Why did conflict start in Boston? What was decided at the First Continental Congress? THINKER: Make a prediction  What are the advantages/disadvantages of the colonial army?

“The Shot Heard Around the World” On April 19, 1775, 700 British soldiers marched towards Concord (outside of Boston.) At Lexington, they encountered 70 American militia; leaving 8 dead - the British soldiers continued to Concord At Concord, fighting between the two forces broke out. (American militia now 500 men) By the time the British soldiers reached Boston, there were 273 British casualties and 88 American casualties.

Second Continental Congress May 10, 1775 Congress tried one final compromise with Britain. King George refused. Organized an army under George Washington. Discussed military strategy. Began drafting the United States Declaration of Independence Congress acted as the first legitimate American government.

If Britain tried to compromise, do you think colonists could have avoided revolution? Were there any alternative options or was war imminent? Explain!

"Yes, we must, indeed, all hang together, or most assuredly we shall all hang separately." Benjamin Franklin at the signing of the Declaration of Independence; 1776

Birth of a New Nation Read about the ending and effects of the American Revolution and complete your worksheet! Be ready to discuss!