7.L.3A.3 Develop and use models to explain how the relevant structures within cells (including cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, and vacuoles) function to support the life of plant, animal, and bacterial cells.

Organelles to know! Cell membrane Chloroplasts Cytoplasm Mitochondria Nucleus Cell wall Vacuole Lysosomes

Cell membrane The thin, flexible outer covering of a cell Controls what enters and leaves a cell There are two main ways substances enter and leave a cell: Diffusion- moves across cell membrane, occurs as materials move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration Osmosis- diffusion of water across a membrane

cytoplasm Gel-like fluid Made mostly of water Holds other organelles in place

nucleus Contains genetic material (DNA) Control center of the cell The place where mitosis occurs

vacuole Acts as temporary storage centers Some store water, others store waste products until they can be eliminated from the cell Plant cells have larger and fewer vacuoles than animal cells

chloroplasts Place where photosynthesis occurs Contains chlorophyll- the green pigment that absorbs energy

mitochondria Sometimes called the Powerhouse of the cell Energy producing sites in the cell where respiration takes place Cells use energy to build, repair, and reproduce cells Cells that require a larger amount of energy to function contain a larger number of mitochondria

Cell wall Provides support and shape for plant cells Made mostly of cellulose which provides a protective framework for the cell

lysosomes Organelles that are responsible for digesting certain materials within the cell Can digest food, worn out organelles, as well as, other cellular waste not needed for cell metabolism