Standards for the Internet of Things Class 1: IoT Standards Overview October 5, 2015 Louis W. Giokas

This Week’s Agenda Monday IoT Standards Overview Tuesday Device Standards Wednesday Communication Standards Thursday System Standards Friday Future Directions

Course Description The Internet of Things (IoT) is dynamic and growing by leaps and bounds. Standards will help in sustaining this growth. Standards are key to efficiently melding together many devices and systems from multiple vendors. The IoT consists of a multilayer architecture of devices and systems connected in complex networks. We will look at the types of standards developed, or being developed, by standards bodies, concentrating on the IEEE.

Today’s Agenda Motivations IoT Standards Landscape Current and Established Standards Standards Participants Roadmap/Architecture

Motivations Standards promote interoperability Communications standards are an excellent example of this Standards promote industry growth Standards promote competition Standards can help promote efficiency Standards can help promote security and safety

Motivations The IoT is complex The IoT is far reaching Many types of devices Many types of network Feedback and control The IoT is far reaching Home automation Automotive Office Industrial

Motivations The IoT is experiencing rapid growth and scope Catching up with this dynamic environment will be challenging There is not even a common definition Success of the IoT will depend on standardization which will provide interoperability, compatibility, reliability and effective operation on a global/Internet scale

Motivations There is lots of hype around the IoT Similar to the hype around Big Data (which actually is a part of the IoT) That is not say that the IoT is not real Despite the hype the IoT will change the way we live, hopefully for the better User acceptance of, and comfort with, the IoT is crucial

IoT Standards Landscape The IoT landscape can be thought of as having three aspects: The Market for the IoT The Technologies of the IoT Standardization itself There are many participants Developers Academia and research Users and consumers

IoT Standards Landscape Unlike communication standards, the IoT is much more broad (as we will see) There are many industry consortia and groups promoting the IoT Many are focused on a particular activity, market or industry Research is on-going and extensive covering theories, materials, devices and applications

Current and Established Standards The IEEE has a large number of existing standards that were not specifically developed for the IoT, but that apply to the IoT. I counted about 80 in one reference document Standards cover a number of areas, but need to be extended to cover major application areas as well as base technologies There are a number of industry groups, but these tend to address particular applications.

Current and Established Standards IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks 802.15.4-2011, 802.15.4e-2012, 802.15.4f-2012, 802.15.4g-2012, 802.154j-2013 IEEE Standard for Air Interface for Broadband Wireless Access Systems 802.16-2012, 802.16p-2012, 802.16.1b-2012 IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) 1609.3-2010, 1609.4-2010, 1609.11-2010, 1609.12-2012

Current and Established Standards IEEE Standard for Health Informatics 11073-00101-2008, 11073-10102-2012, 11073-10103-2012, 11073-10201-2004,11073-10404-2010, 11073-406-2011, 11073-10407-2010 IEEE Standard for Information technology -- Smart transducer interface for sensors and actuators 21451-1-2010, 21451-2-2010, 21451-4-2010, 21451-7-2011

Standards Participants IEEE is the premier standards body Unbiased, with a well established approach to developing standards with broad input Many standards, including IEEE standards, are first developed by industry groups When successful, there is often a push for the IEEE to then formalize the standard One IoT related example is Zigbee. The parallel IEEE Standard is 802.15.4

Standards Participants National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Industrial Internet Consortium EEBus Open Interconnect Consortium AllSeen Alliance AllJoyn Internet of Things Consortium Thread Group

Roadmap/Architecture In the following lectures we will look at the IoT through the following lens: Devices Communications Systems Each category builds upon the previous one Devices are the most basic and unique to the IoT Communications standards leverage existing standards with IoT considerations included Systems bring together these elements to build useful applications and services

Roadmap/Architecture There is no one IoT. Application areas can be separate, although at the information processing level there may be significant interaction. For example medical devices have different requirements from home control devices and vehicular systems There may be intersection at the communications level

Roadmap/Architecture Standards and architectures are generally layered, for example Smart City/Smart Grid.

Roadmap/Architecture Discussion of standards in each area will include the motivation for the standards and requirements associated with each Attention will be given to application areas and their impact on standards development Special attention will be given to layered architecture concepts

Roadmap/Architecture Consideration of attributes necessary and/or desirable for the IoT is an important part of the evolution of the IoT and standards These include security and power consumption The large numbers of devices and the sensitivity of the information drives these considerations Standards efforts are on-going and many are just starting up. Community involvement is important

Summary and Preview In this lecture I have tried to lay a groundwork for the effort and to show where the IoT Standards efforts are now There is still a state of flux in the IoT and in the Standards. There is much to be done and many opportunities The scale of the IoT is massive, with estimates of 50B connected devices in about five years

Summary and Preview The next three lectures will concentrate on three major areas in which standards are developed We are not going to concentrate on development methodologies, marketing new research, although these will influence the IoT, Standards and our review of them Next time we talk devices