The Great War Begins Old Strategy & New Technology

Today’s Standard Essential Question 10.5 Analyze the causes of the Great War (AKA WWI) 10.5.1 examine the geographic factors and theaters of WWI looking specifically at their significance in military decisions. How was this war different then previous wars? Essential Question

Archduke Assassinated = Alliance System Chain Reaction 1. Austria declares war on Serbia 2. Russia mobilizes troops 4. Germany declares war on France 3. Germany declares war on Russia 6. Britain declares war on Germany 5. Germany invades Belgium

Who’s To Blame?

German Atrocities in Belgium

Mobilization Home by Christmas! No major war in 50 years! Nationalism! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!

Recruitment Posters

A Young Australian Recruit

Recruits of the Central Powers A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother Austro-Hungarians

New French Recruits

A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

What do these images and the poem tell us about the “mood” of Europeans going into “The Great War”

The Schlieffen Plan

Germany Strategy Schlieffen Plan  Avoid two-front war Defeat France quickly, then go back to Russia Russia's weakness’: lack of industrialization & railroads difficult to mobilize Verdun 300,000 French and German killed Somme – Brits & Germans lose 500,000

The War Begins Germany invades Belgium (neutral)  Britain declares war Western Front = Northern border of France & Western Germany Germans are almost to Paris by Sept. 3 1st Battle of the Marne (9/5/1914): Allies attack Germans; Germans lose 60 miles; ruins Schlieffen Plan, causing war on two fronts!!

The Western Front

A Multi-Front War

Two Opposing Sides Triple Alliance  Central Powers – Germany & Austria-Hungary (AH) later joined by Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire Triple Entente  Allies – Great Britain (GB), France, & Russia later joined by Japan, Italy, and United States

The Fronts Western Front = Northern France and Western Germany Eastern Front = Eastern German and Western Russia Mediterranean Front = in the Mediterranean sea and northern Africa

Stalemate & Trench Warfare Trench Warfare – conflict grinds to halt; huge losses for small gains 500 miles of trenches Extremely small spaces Mud, corpses, rats, & stench 4. 500 miles, from North Sea to Switzerland

Trench Warfare

In the Trenches

Trenches

“Over the Top” into “No Man’s Land”

Total War Leave space for definition

War Is HELL !!

Sacrifices in War

Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

New Technologies of War Leads to more deaths and stalemate Machine guns Larger artillery Poison gas Armored tanks Airplanes U-boats Zepplins

French Renault Tank

British Tank at Ypres

Machine Guns British machine guns fired 8 rounds per second, at a distance of 2,900 yards

Artillery Greater power and carried much further 24 million shells were used in the battle of Verdun

U-Boats

Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

“Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917 The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg.

Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

Looking for the “Red Baron?”

The Zeppelin

Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

Poison Gas Machine Gun