Paleolithic and Neolithic Periods

Essential Questions What are the key characteristics of the Paleolithic and Neolithic Periods? What are the effects of the Neolithic Revolution? What are the key components of a civilization?

Dating Time Most commonly used in the western world: based on birth of Jesus (year 1) Event that took place 400 yrs before the birth of Jesus would be dated 400 BC Dates after birth of Jesus- labeled AD (anno Domini)

Dating Time BC and AD- western and Christ-oriented other option  B.C.E. and C.E. 400 B.C. = 400 B.C.E. 600 A.D. = 600 C.E.

Dating Time- other terms Decade= 10 yrs Century = 100 yrs Millennium = 1,000 yrs 4th c BCE = 4th period of 100 counting back from 1 = refers to the years of 400 to 301 BCE 1st c BCE = 100 to 1 BCE 650 BCE = 7th c BCE

Dating Time – Common Era 4th C CE = years 301 – 400 750 took place in the 8th c CE What century are we living in?

The Paleolithic Age 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE “Paleolithic” --> “Old Stone” Age- long period of human development before agriculture development Made tools hunting (men) & gathering (women)  small bands of 20-30 humans Life span???? Equality between the sexes based on economic contributions Your text here NOMADIC (moving from place to place)

Nomads Nomadic people migrated _____ miles per year. Push Factors Lack of food Population increase/overcrowding Pull Factors Following a herd, more food to gather more food available

The Paleolithic Age Purpose?? Humans during this period found shelter in caves. Cave paintings left behind. Purpose??

The Neolithic Age NOMADISM CONTINUES!!!!!!!!!!!! “Neolithic”  “New Stone” Age 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE Gradual shift from: Nomadic lifestyle  settled, stationery lifestyle. Hunting/Gathering  agricultural production and domestication of animals. NOMADISM CONTINUES!!!!!!!!!!!!

The Agricultural Revolution 8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. SLASH-AND-BURN Farming Middle East India Central America China Southeast Asia 8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE

Why do some archaeologists believe that women were the first farmers? The Agricultural Revolution Why do some archaeologists believe that women were the first farmers?

Early Settled Communities Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of larger populations. More permanent, settled communities emerged. 9,000 BCE  Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMO ( northern Iraq )  wheat

Early Settled Communities 8,000 BCE  Largest Early Settlement at Çatal Hüyük ( Modern Turkey )  6,000 inhabitants 12 cultivated crops Division of labor Engaged in trade Organized religion An obsidian dagger Small military

Early Settled Communities Çatal Hüyük

What is the next step in the development of human settlements??

CITIES ! CIVILIZATIONS !!

What are the characteristics of a civilization??

CIVILIZATION Advanced Cities Advanced Technology Specialized Workers Record- Keeping Complex Institutions