7-3.2 Vocabulary 1. Napoleonic Code 2. Napoleonic Wars 3. Continental System 4. Nationalism 5. Congress of Vienna 6. Junkers 7. Realpolitik 8. Unification

The Napoleonic Wars and Nationalism Standard 7-3.2

1. Napoleon’s Empire After crowning himself emperor, Napoleon created the Napoleonic Codes that created a new legal system in France- equality, right to choose a career, and religious toleration. The Napoleonic Wars began in 1804 and by 1812, Napoleon controlled most of Europe. Napoleon was never able to control Russia or Great Britain.

2. Napoleon’s Downfall Napoleon made 3 major mistakes: Blockade of Britain (Continental System)- kept ships from ports on the mainland of Europe Peninsular War Invasion of Russia

3. The End of Napoleon After that Napoleon was captured and exiled to the island of Elba. He escaped and Napoleon returned to Paris where he regained control for 100 Days. At the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon was finally defeated and sent to the island of St. Helena where he died in 1821.

4. Effects of the Napoleonic Wars Nationalism (the belief that one’s greatest loyalty is to a shared culture rather than to a leader or border) spread! Enlightenment ideas spread Napoleon tried to impose French culture on conquered countries Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite became the rallying cry for revolutions all over Europe! Napole

5. The Congress of Vienna In 1814, European leaders met in Vienna, Austria to return Europe to the way it was before the French Revolution. Their goal was to bring a Balance of Power that would prevent any single nation from controlling Europe. It was too late! Over the next century, groups of people either joined together in unification, or splintered.

Assorted European Upheavals 1821- Greeks rebel against the Ottoman Empire 1830s- Belgium, Italy and Russia 1848- Liberal revolutions across Europe are suppressed by conservative groups France- After allowing 2 more kings to rule, France establishes a parliamentary system. Soon afterwards, the President declares himself Emperor. :-/

6. Unification of Germany The German Confederation was comprised of 39 loosely joined states. Austria and Prussia were the largest and most powerful. German leaders wanted to unify all the states in order to become even more powerful.

6. Unification of Germany cont. The Prussian leader was Wilhelm I, a member of the Junkers, a conservative political party. The Prussians were embroiled in militarism, the glorification of a military culture. His Prime Minister was Otto von Bismarck who ruled through the policy of realpolitik, or the “politics of reality.” Bismarck was determined that unification of Germany would occur by using blood and iron.

6. Unification of Germany cont. The Germans fought 3 wars of Unification with Denmark, Austria, and France. Austria and Germany formed an alliance to take land from Denmark. Bismarck provoked Austria into beginning the Seven Weeks War. By changing the wording of the Ems Telegram, Bismarck provoked France into declaring war on Germany. After the Franco-Prussian War, German unification was complete!

7. UNIFICATION OF ITALY Italy was also divided into multiple states. Count Camillo di Cavour planned to unite Northern Italy. Giuseppe Garibaldi, the leader of the Red Shirts, used guerrilla warfare to win control of Southern Italy. In 1861, northern and southern states agreed to become a united Italy, ruled by King Victor Emmanuel II.

8. The End…. After the wars of unification, the great powers of Europe remained at peace for over forty years despite the occasional nationalist dispute… Dun, Dun, DUN………