Objective Understand the concepts of modern operating systems by investigating the most popular operating system in the current and future market Provide a brief overview on Microsoft Windows® 2000

Motivation Gates officially unveils Windows 2000 on February 17th First time to release its source code It was described as the future of the computing The benefits and weakness There is a necessity of better understanding Windows® 2000

Scope Windows 2000 Windows family & other operating systems - Unix - Architecture - Kernel - Active directory - Thread and States - Virtual memory - File system - Security Windows family & other operating systems - Unix

Introduction – Major Products Windows 2000 Professional - designed to replace Windows NT and 9x on business desktops Windows 2000 Server - aimed at improving the infrastructure for file servers and e-mail servers - it scales from 1 to 4 processors and up to 4 gigabytes

Introduction – Major Products Windows 2000 Advanced Server - designed to help companies achieve a competitive advantage through richer and faster Web sites - scales from 1 to 8 processors and up to 8 gigabytes

Windows 2000 - SDK and DDK provide the tools for developing 64-bit O.S Exploits the power of today’s 32-bit microprocessors - SDK and DDK provide the tools for developing 64-bit O.S

Architectural Component Comparison of 64-bit and 32-bit Architectures Architectural Component 64-bit Windows 2000 32-bit Windows 2000 Virtual Memory 16 TB 4 GB Paging file size 512 TB Hyperspace 8 GB 4 MB Paged pool 128 GB 470 MB Non-paged pool 256 MB System cache 1 TB 1 GB System PTE 660 MB

Windows 2000 Provides full multi-tasking in a single-user environment Client/Server computing - W2k readily scales from one or two servers with a few dozen clients to hundreds of servers and thousands of clients - W2K’s multi-server approach

Windows 2000 Architecture Modular structure for flexibility Executes on a variety of hardware platforms Supports application written for a variety of other operating system

Windows 2000 Kernel Small operating system core contains only essential operating systems functions Improved kernel – only the core gets involved

Compare to UNIX Architecture Hardware is surrounded by the operating-system Operating system is called the kernel Comes with a number of user services and interfaces - shell - C compiler

Windows 2000 Thread States Ready Standby Running Waiting Transition Terminated

Windows 2000 Thread States

Active Directory Service A true hierarchical, distributed directory service for managing resources across an enterprise or extranet

Active Directory Service New in the Windows 2000 O.S Plays a major role in implementing the organization’s network Accomplishing the business goals

Active Directory Store Structure Inter-communicate - Hierarchically stores information about network objects Structure - Organized by constructs such as domains, trees, Ous and sites Inter-communicate - Based on standard directory access protocols - Interoperate with other directory services

Virtual Memory Windows 2000 Paging - Available - Reserved - Committed

File System Key features of NTFS - Recoverability - Security - Large disks and large files - Multiple data streams - General indexing facility

Security Access control scheme - Name/Password - Access token associated with each process object indicating privileges associated with a user - One can apply file permissions at the file and/or folder level

Comparison of W2K and W9x – Similarities Both supports: - FAT16, FAT32 file system - Universal Serial Bus (USB) 1.1 - Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) - File and printer sharing - Plug and Play - Multiple monitors, Internet Connection Sharing, Fire Wire 1394, Long file Name, DVD - Dial-Up Networking

Comparison of W2K and W9x – Differences Support the NTFS file system Multiple processors - W2K Professional supports dual processors - W2K Server supports four processors Security Built-in policies

Comparison of W2K and W9x – Differences The Windows File Protection feature Driver signing Enhanced power management and Plug and Play capabilities Fewer reboots

Strength Supports Internet-enabled applications Dial-up networking Provides superior reliability Centralized desktop and server manageability Optimized for new hardware devices Significant security improvements

Weakness Concerns of its stability Active/X model needs revising Old programs will not run with Windows 2000 Based on Windows NT Windows ME fails to address the basic problems

Future The future of computing 64-bit processor Compatible with Unix