CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: THE ORIGIN OF LIFE

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Presentation transcript:

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: THE ORIGIN OF LIFE CONCEPTS: Importance and Pioneers of Cell Biology Characteristics of Cells and Cell Theory Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Viruses, Virion, Viroids, and Prions

Introduction Cell Biology-The study of the life of the cell is important because cells are the basic units of life: Cells Tissues  Organs Organ/Systems Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, Anton Van Leeuwenhoek Basic Properties of Cells Can grow and reproduce in culture Undergo biochemical processes and are regulated Contain genetic materials and respond to stimuli

Cell Theory: Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow Two fundamental classes of Cells Prokaryotes-all bacteria: Arose 3.5 billion years ago, some are photosynthetic Eukaryotes- protists, fungi, plants and animals: Arose 1.5 billion years ago Characteristics of Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Complexity: simple (P), complex (E) Genetic Material: Located in Nucloid region (P), Nucleus (E).

Characteristics of Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Cytoplasm: membrane-bound organelles and cytoskeletal proteins (E), neither in prokaryotes, 70S ribosomes (P) and 80S (E). Subkingdoms of Prokaryotes: Archaebacteria: Methanogens, Halophiles, Thermoacidophiles Eubacteria: mycoplasma, cyanobacteria, E.coli, etc.

Viruses: Obligatory Parasites, Virion-viral particle outside host Viruses: Obligatory Parasites, Virion-viral particle outside host. Origin: from host Genome Protein capsid surrounds genome Eukaryotic viruses have envolupes Infections: Lytic or Lysogenic (provirus) HIV: Lysogenic, budding, host may become malignant. Other infectious agents: viroid (plants), prions (animals)

Overview of the Emergence of cells and infectious agents (Prokaryotes) Archaebacteria Eubacteria  mitochondrion and chloroplast  Eukaryotes Viruses and other infectious agents

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