New Research on Kidney Cancer: Highlights from Urologic and Oncologic Congresses in 2006  Jean-Jacques Patard, Eric Lechevallier, Belén Congregado Ruiz, Francesco Montorsi  European Urology Supplements  Volume 6, Issue 4, Pages 396-403 (March 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.eursup.2006.12.014 Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)/hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway and target genes. Inactivation of the VHL gene leads to accumulation of HIF and activation of hypoxia-inducible genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), and transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) [6] Reprinted from Patard JJ, Rioux-Leclercq N, Fergelot P. Understanding the importance of smart drugs in renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 2006;49:633–43, with permission from the European Association of Urology. European Urology Supplements 2007 6, 396-403DOI: (10.1016/j.eursup.2006.12.014) Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Partial nephrectomy (PN) remains relatively uncommon in the United States compared with radical nephrectomy (RN) [13]. European Urology Supplements 2007 6, 396-403DOI: (10.1016/j.eursup.2006.12.014) Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 The percentage of patients with renal tumours ≤7cm and <2cm treated with partial nephrectomy (PN) increases from 1988 to 2001 [13]. European Urology Supplements 2007 6, 396-403DOI: (10.1016/j.eursup.2006.12.014) Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions