Prof. Dr. Christoph Behrens WORLD HISTORY Prof. Dr. Christoph Behrens Ali Muhammad, M.A., PhD

HISTORY WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad ENTIRITY OF ALL EVENTS DESCRIPTION OF ALL THAT HAPPENED (HISTORIOGRAPHY) CONSTRUCT; NEVER A REPRODUCTION OF EVERYTHING TRUE TO REALITY SUBJECT TO CURRENT ASSESSMENT, CHANGEABLE ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE: RECONSTRUCTION OF PAST REALITY THROUGH TECHNIQUES RESULT DEPENDING ON OBSERVER GUIDING QUESTIONS COGNITIVE INTERESTS (PRE-DEFINITION OF WHAT IS SIGNIFICANT)

Conflict, War, Catastrophies WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad Biographies FACTS and FIGURES Conflict, War, Catastrophies Regions Leaders Religion Technical Progress HISTORY Ideas Philosophy DEVELOPMENT and INTERPRETATION Culture Groups Art Mentality PEOPLE Thinking Acting Feeling

Reconstruction of the past can never be true to reality. WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad Reconstruction of the past can never be true to reality. “HISTORIC TRUTH” is a social (political) construct. All sources used for an academic historic analysis, the own perspective, cognitive interests and guiding questions need critical reflection.

CALCULATION OF TIME WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad 5775/6 WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad CALCULATION OF TIME 2758 2015 758 1436/7 Gregorian Islam Roman Jewish China

THE WORLD: PERSPECTIVE OF THE FIRST HUMAN WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad THE WORLD: PERSPECTIVE OF THE FIRST HUMAN Me!

Me! THE WORLD: PERSPECTIVE OF THE FIRST HUMAN WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad THE WORLD: PERSPECTIVE OF THE FIRST HUMAN The big mysterious certain something Animals that I really want to eat Animals that want to eat me Me! Source: YANKO TSVETKOV - ATLAS OF PREJUDICES - www.alphadesigner.com

WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad Source: YANKO TSVETKOV - ATLAS OF PREJUDICES - www.alphadesigner.com

EUROPE: PERSPECTIVE OF GREECE (2012) WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad EUROPE: PERSPECTIVE OF GREECE (2012) Source: YANKO TSVETKOV - ATLAS OF PREJUDICES - www.alphadesigner.com

PERSPECTIVE OF THE USA (2012) WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad PERSPECTIVE OF THE USA (2012) Source: YANKO TSVETKOV - ATLAS OF PREJUDICES - www.alphadesigner.com

HISTORY Manipulation Persuasion Propaganda Public Relations WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad Manipulation Persuasion Propaganda HISTORY Public Relations Information Facts Truth

HISTORY CAN BE USED TO MANIPULATE, FOR PROPAGANDA AND CONTROL. WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad HISTORY CAN BE USED TO MANIPULATE, FOR PROPAGANDA AND CONTROL.

WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad MODERN MEDIA HAVE EXTENDED OPPORTUNITIES TO MANIPULATE REALITY AND PUBLIC OPINION.

…AND THIS IS AN ISRAELI PERSPECTIVE ON THE SAME MATTER. WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad …AND THIS IS AN ISRAELI PERSPECTIVE ON THE SAME MATTER. HISTORY IS ALWAYS A MATTER OF PERSPECTIVE AND USED FOR POLITICS. THIS IS A PALESTINIAN PERSPECTIVE...

(HISTORY) When we reconstruct past reality WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad When we reconstruct past reality (HISTORY) we need to take a perspective in order to come to a feasible approach. We take into account to argue in a selective way, that we are never true to reality. As the decision for a perspective is inevitable, our responsibility is to reflect this limitation critically and to communicate it as a part of our academic work.

a perspective a perspective HISTORY (HISTORY) on reality. WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad HISTORY is a perspective on reality. When we reconstruct past reality (HISTORY) we need to take a perspective in order to come to a feasible approach. We take into account to argue in a selective way, that we are never true to reality. As the decision for a perspective is inevitable, our responsibility is to reflect this limitation critically and to communicate it as a part of our academic work.

WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad PROPAGANDA FOR LEADERS AND POLITICAL IDEAS IS USING A SIMILAR ICONOGRAPHY ALONG CULTURES, REGIONS AND TIMES.

SBY DENUCIANTED AS ENEMY OF THE PEOPLE BY A POLITICAL GROUP IN PAPUA. WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad PROPAGANDA IS CREATING ENEMIES, AND SCAPE GOATS. IT REDUCES COMPLEX ISSUES TO SIMPLE VIEWS OF THE WORLD, AND USES THEM FOR POLITICAL INTERESTS. AMERICANS DENUCIANTED AS ENEMIES OF THE PEOPLE BY NORTH KOREA DURING KOREA WAR. JEWS DENUCIANTED AS ENEMIES OF THE PEOPLE IN GERMANY DURING NATIONAL SOCIALISM. SBY DENUCIANTED AS ENEMY OF THE PEOPLE BY A POLITICAL GROUP IN PAPUA.

CLASS STRUGGLE IN EUROPE 1911: SOCIALIST POSTER AGAINST WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad CLASS STRUGGLE IN EUROPE 1911: SOCIALIST POSTER AGAINST OPPRESSION OF WORKERS IN CAPITALISM

Reconstruction of the past can never be true to reality. WORLD HISTORY – Christoph Behrens / Ali Muhammad SUMMARY: Reconstruction of the past can never be true to reality. “HISTORIC TRUTH” is a social (political) construct. Question your own perspective, your cognitive interests and your guiding questions! Be critical about sources you use for an analysis!