Saturday, November 24, 2018 Scientific Reasoning Packet # 3.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

The Basics of Logical Argument Two Kinds of Argument The Deductive argument: true premises guarantee a true conclusion. e.g. All men are mortal. Socrates.

Advertisements

Framing an Experimental Hypothesis WP5 Professor Alan K. Outram University of Exeter 8 th October 2012.

What is Science? We are going to be studying science all year long! Take a moment and write down on your paper in several sentences what you think science.

EC350 Introduction January 19, Course Website

Technical Writing S03 Providence University 1 Cause and Effect & Hypothesizing Wu-Lin Chen Department of Computer Science and Information.

THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE. Assumptions  Nature is real, understandable, knowable through observation  Nature is orderly and uniform  Measurements yield.

Clarke, R. J (2001) L951-08: 1 Critical Issues in Information Systems BUSS 951 Seminar 8 Arguments.

Introduction to Social Science Research

Christianity, Belief & Science. Strengths  The scientific method is rational, and objective.  It is a logical process which can be repeated by others.

Basic Argumentation.

RESEARCH IN EDUCATION Chapter I. Explanations about the Universe Power of the gods Religious authority Challenge to religious dogma Metacognition: Thinking.

MGF 1107 Mathematics of Social Choice Part 1a – Introduction, Deductive and Inductive Reasoning.

Science 9: Unit B Topic 3: The Elements.

Scientific Laws AND Theories Supported by a large body of experimental data Help unify a particular field of scientific study Widely accepted by the vast.

The Scientific Method Chpt. 5 Summary. Objectives Describe the order of steps in the scientific method Describe the order of steps in the scientific method.

9/20/12 BR- Who are the 3 Argument Brothers (from yesterday) Today: How to Argue (Part 1) MIKVA!!

Question of the Day!  We shared a lot of examples of illogical arguments!  But how do you make a LOGICAL argument? What does your argument need? What.

Biological Science.

Science is the study of nature’s rules.. We can’t control Earth’s motion, but we have learned the rules by which it moves. The study of nature’s rules.

10/21/09 BR- Identify the (1)premises and the (2)conclusion in the following deductive argument. Is it valid or invalid? All fish need gills to breath.

Research Skills Mr. BETA Aim: How do you conduct proper research for a paper or project? Do Now: In your notebooks, Define: * Argument *

DEDUCTIVE VS. INDUCTIVE REASONING. Problem Solving Logic – The science of correct reasoning. Reasoning – The drawing of inferences or conclusions from.

Deductive and Inductive Reasoning. Inductive Reasoning involves an observer to look at the evidence around them and draw a conclusion about said evidence.

Introduction to Research. Purpose of Research Evidence-based practice Validate clinical practice through scientific inquiry Scientific rational must exist.

Logic and Reasoning.

The Scientific Method Area 1: Belief and Science.

09/17/07 BR- What is “logic?” What does it mean to make a logical argument? Today: Logic and How to Argue (Part 1)

Deductive Reasoning. Deductive reasoning The process of logical reasoning from general principles to specific instances based on the assumed truth of.

Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

Hypothesis, Theory, or Law. All-Write-Consensus 1.Read the information on your piece of paper. 2.On a separate sheet of paper, answer the question on.

 Induction is the process of drawing a general conclusion from incomplete evidence.  You consider evidence you have seen or heard to draw a conclusion.

Inductive and Deductive Reasoning. Notecard 30 Definition: Conjecture: an unproven statement that is based on observations or given information.

THE NATURE OF ARGUMENT. THE MAIN CONCERN OF LOGIC Basically in logic we deal with ARGUMENTS. Mainly we deal with learning of the principles with which.

Scientific Method. Science: Further Info Science cannot provide certain (100%) proof – just the ‘best’ working theories based on the evidence that we.

Hypothesis-Based Science The Scientific Method. Science as Inquiry The process of investigation to answer questions about the natural world.

09/17/08 BR- Identify the premises and the conclusion in the following deductive argument. Is it valid or invalid? All fish need gills to breath water.

DEDUCTIVE vs. INDUCTIVE REASONING

Introduction to Research Methodology

Distinguish between an experiment and other types of scientific investigations where variables are not controlled,

SCIENTIFIC METHOD Make Observations/Ask a Question

3 Types of Arguments: Ethos- Establishing a reason to listen or believe the speaker. E.g., “that guy is wearing a tie so he must know what he’s saying.”

Business Research Methods William G. Zikmund

Deductive and Inductive REASONING

Syllogism – logical reasoning from inarguable premises; the conclusion is unarguable if the syllogism is structured correctly. Example: Because Socrates.

Knowledge Acquisition

Introduction to Prolog

10/28/09 BR- What is the most important factor in winning an argument

Hypothesis-Based Science

Introduction to Research Methodology

Chapter 1 Definition Theory Causality

Introduction to Inferential Statistics

Logic and Critical Thinking as Basis of Scientific Method and rationality as well as Problem solving 13th Meeting.

Chapter 1: Measurement.

The Ontological Argument

Welcome to Biology Honors

Business Research Methods William G. Zikmund

Scientific Method By Monique Santua.

Logical Inferences: A set of premises accompanied by a suggested conclusion regardless of whether or not the conclusion is a logical consequence of the.

Reasoning, Logic, and Position Statements

DEDUCTIVE vs. INDUCTIVE REASONING

Cause and Effect & Hypothesizing

The Ontological Argument

Scientific Reasoning Forensic Science.

Tools and methods in biology

Inquiry Dr. Charles Ophardt EDU 370.

Chapter 1 Scientific Method.

Scientific Method Put the following steps in order for a logical method for solving problems: Law Observations Theory Hypothesis Experiments.

Business Research Methods William G. Zikmund

Presentation transcript:

Saturday, November 24, 2018 Scientific Reasoning Packet # 3

Hypothetico-Deductive Reasoning Saturday, November 24, 2018Saturday, November 24, 2018 Hypothesis is developed Predictions are deduced from the hypothesis Therefore, hypothetico-reasoning deals with when the experimenter makes a prediction about the outcome of an experiment

Hypothetico-Deductive Reasoning II Saturday, November 24, 2018Saturday, November 24, 2018 Includes Critical thinking Deductive reasoning Logical reasoning Inductive reasoning

Critical Thinking Saturday, November 24, 2018Saturday, November 24, 2018 In science, nothing is accepted as fact unless it is experimentally demonstrable A fact/theory can be shown through an experiment

Deductive Reasoning Deduce (Definition) Based on the if…then logic Saturday, November 24, 2018Saturday, November 24, 2018 Deduce (Definition) Infer a specific principle from a general principle Based on the if…then logic Deduce a prediction through logical reasoning. Logical reasoning uses known facts, general principles, to form a prediction/conclusion.

Logical Reasoning Science of correct reasoning Saturday, November 24, 2018Saturday, November 24, 2018 Science of correct reasoning Science which describes relationships among prepositions (proposals) in terms of implication. Shows connections/contradictions Predicts how “things” work, or are put, together

Deductive Reasoning Examples Saturday, November 24, 2018Saturday, November 24, 2018 Example #1 General principle #1 Socrates is a man General principle #2 All men are mortal Deduced Prediction/Conclusion Socrates is mortal Example #2 A cardinal is a bird All birds have wings Cardinals have winds

Invalid Deductive Reasoning Example Saturday, November 24, 2018Saturday, November 24, 2018 Example #1 General principle #1 Every criminal opposes government General principle #2 Everyone in the opposition party opposes government Deduced Prediction/Conclusion Everyone in the opposition party is a criminal Example is invalid because the two principles fail to establish commonality between members of the opposition party and being a criminal

Inductive Reasoning Saturday, November 24, 2018Saturday, November 24, 2018 Using specific facts to induce a general principle.

Inductive Reasoning Examples Saturday, November 24, 2018Saturday, November 24, 2018 Example #1 Specific fact #1 Ice is cold Specific fact #2 All ice is cold Induced general principle There is no ice on the sun Example #2 A billiard ball moves when struck with a cue For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction Anything struck with a cue moves

Inductive Reasoning Examples Saturday, November 24, 2018Saturday, November 24, 2018 Example #3 Specific fact #1 Objects fall to the ground Specific fact #2 Gravity is a force Induced general principle A force acts on an object when it falls to the ground