CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Chapter 3 Introductory video CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Chapter 3

Essential Questions What are cells? What are some characteristics of eukaryotes? What are some characteristics of prokaryotes? What are the key differences and similarities between a eukaryote and a prokaryote? What are some examples of prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Georgia Perfomance Standard SB1 a: Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction.

3.1 Cell Theory A CELL IS THE SMALLEST UNIT OF LIVING MATTER THAT CAN CARRY OUT ALL PROCESSES REQUIRED FOR LIFE.

The average human being is composed of around 100 trillion individual cells!!! It would take as many as 50 cells to cover the area of a dot on the letter “i”

I’m an amoeba-not only am I a cell, I am an entire organism Examples of Cells I’m an amoeba-not only am I a cell, I am an entire organism

Examples of Cells Cell walls in a pine needle

Examples of Cells Human nerve cell

Examples of Cells Smooth muscle cells

Bacterial cell in the straight swimming mode

red blood cells

Human heart cells

What is the largest human cell? Egg or ovum approximately 0.1 millimeter or 100 micrometers

What is one of the smallest human cells? Sperm cell or spermatozoa Approximately 5 micrometers

fertilization

3.1 Cell Theory The cell theory grew out of the work of many scientists and improvements in the microscope.

Robert Hooke (1635-1703) Cell Theory 3.1 Used a simple microscope Looked at slices of cork Called the little chambers he saw CELLS

First to observe live organisms through a microscope Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1674 First to observe live organisms through a microscope

I called the wee creatures “animalcules”

In 1838, Matthias Schleiden, German botanist concluded that all plant tissues are composed of cells

1839- German physiologist, Theodor Schwann, concluded that all animal tissues are composed of cells.

Cell History 1858- Rudolf Virchow, German physician, concluded that cells must come from preexisting cells.

All of this research can be summarized in the Cell Theory

Three Parts of the Cell Theory One: All organisms are made of one or more cells

Two: All cells are produced Cell Theory Two: All cells are produced by existing cells.

Three: The cell is the basic unit of life

A CELL’S STRUCTURE IS CLOSELY RELATED TO ITS FUNCTION.

Biological organization follow this order: ATOMS  __________  ORGANELLES MOLECULES

____________ make up  TISSUES CELLS ____________ make up  TISSUES Similar cells working together

___________  __________ ___________ ORGAN SYSTEMS ORGANS ORGANISM ___________  __________ ___________ Different tissues working together Different organs working together

How living things are organized.

Cells can be separated into two broad categories based on their internal structures: Prokaryote & Eukaryote

What do all cells have in common? All cells, prokaryotic or eukaryotic, are surrounded by a membrane. Within the membrane, all cells are filled with a jelly-like substance called cytoplasm.

The cytoplasm contains dissolved substances such as proteins, nucleic acids, mineral and ions.

Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes Some cells contain organelles-structures specialized to perform specific processes within a cell. Most organelles are surrounded by a membrane.

Prokaryotic Cells (prokaryotes) Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

Instead, the prokaryote’s DNA is loose in the cytoplasm

All prokaryotes are microscopic, single-celled organisms Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x) All prokaryotes are microscopic, single-celled organisms

Eukaryotic Cell (eukaryotes) Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus & other membrane-bound organelles

All bacteria & archea are prokaroytes

Some prokaryotes can live in exteme environments such as boiling hot water!

Prokaryotes are very old and were probably the first cells on Earth

Prokaryotes are the most abundant cell type

Most prokaryotes have a cell wall

Eukaryotes may be multi-celled or single-celled organisms

We are all Eukaryotes

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Who was the first person to see a cell?   1.   Theodore Schwann 2.   Rudolf Virchow 3.   Matthias Schleiden 4.   Robert Hooke

Prokaryote or eukaryote? Single-celled eukaryote. See the chloroplasts organelles?

Which of these biologists suggested that all animal tissues are composed of cells?   1.   Theodore Schwann 2.  Rudolf Virchow 3.   Matthias Schleiden 4.   Robert Hooke

Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes? Eukaryote- of course!

Which of the following is not a part of the cell theory? 1.   All cells come from preexisting cells 2. All cells are structurally and functionally similar 3.   All living things are composed of cells

Prokaryote or Eukaryote?

Prokaryote or Eukaryote?

Prokaryote or eukaryote?

Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Venn Diagram Partner up with the person at your table: Without your notes, do your best to fill in the Venn diagram. Characteristics Specific organelles Examples -Use combination of text and drawings