Fig. 2.1 (EFB)

Atmosphere: 78% N2 21% O2 0.035% CO2, H20, CH4 (methane) --- trace gases

Ozone layer Sea level rise

Orbit Tilt Distribution of light on earth affected by: Curvature Light equator Light

Winter Solstice: 22 December Fig. 2.7 (EFB) Circle of Illumination Winter Solstice: 22 December

21 March and 22 Sept. Fig. 3.6

Orbit, tilt, and curvature of earth result in increasing variation For animation go to: http://vortex.plymouth.edu/sun/sun3d.html Orbit, tilt, and curvature of earth result in increasing variation in photoperiod throughout the year at higher latitudes.

Orbit Tilt Albedo Distribution of light on earth affected by: Curvature Orbit Tilt Albedo

Total reflection: Albedo = 1.0

Heat budget of earth: more radiation and heat produced at equator, more loss of heat at poles. Atmosphere and oceans move heat and keep each area from getting warmer or colder, respectively.

Quiz What is the solar constant and insolation? 2. What are photons and PAR? 3. What four features of the earth affect insolation at its surface? What is the importance of the ozone layer? Why is the Greenhouse Effect important for life on Earth?

Fig. 2.8 (EFB)

Hadley Cells influence the location of all major biomes on earth Six major biomes: 1. tropics 2. grasslands/savannah 3. temperate forests 4. coniferous forests or taiga 5. tundra 6. deserts Hadley Cells influence the location of all major biomes on earth

Fig. 3.13

horse latitudes doldrums Fig. 2.8 (EFB)

Global Wind Patterns

Ocean Gyres Fig. 2.10 (EFB)

Rainshadow Effect Fig. 2.15 (EFB)

Quiz What are Hadley Cells and how do they form? What determines high and low pressure zones with these cells? 3. What is the Coriolis Effect and how does it cause wind patterns (Trade Winds) on Earth? 4. What are ocean gyres and how do they form? 5. What is the rainshadow effect and how does it influence local ecology?