Cardiovascular system: Blood

Functions of blood Transport Defence Regulation H2O

Plasma Composition of blood: % by Volume plasma 55% cells, platelets 45% plasma 55% % by Volume Composition of blood: Plasma Water (91%) Hormones Gases Ions Vitamins Nutrients wastes Plasma proteins **

Red Blood Cells Carry O2 heme group a. Red blood cells b. Hemoglobin molecule a. Red blood cells

Red Blood Cells Carry CO2 + HCO3– bicarbonate ion H+ hydrogen H2CO3 carbonic acid H2O water CO2 carbon dixide

Red Blood Cells Production

Platelets… 4,400 X prothrombin activator prothrombin thrombin Ca2+ fibrin threads thrombin prothrombin activator prothrombin fibrinogen Ca2+ Platelets… 4,400 X

ABO Blood Groups anti-B antibodies Type O blood. Red blood cells have neither type A nor type B surface antigens. Plasma has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies. Type A B blood. Red blood cells have type A and type B surface antigens. Plasma has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies. Type B blood. Red blood cells have type B surface antigens. Plasma has anti-A antibodies. Type A blood. Red blood cells have type A surface antigens. Plasma has anti-B antibodies. type A antigen type B antigen anti-A antibody anti-B antibody anti-A antibodies anti-B antibodies ABO Blood Groups

Compatibility + b. Agglutination a. No agglutination type A blood of donor no binding anti-A antibody of type B recipient binding anti-B antibody of type A recipient

Rh Blood groups b. Mother forms anti-Rh antibodies that cross the placenta and attack fetal Rh-positive red blood cells. a. Fetal Rh-positive red blood cells leak across placenta into mother's blood stream. blood of mother anti-Rh antibody Rh-positive red blood cell of fetus Rh-negative red blood cell of mother