Adrienne D. Cox, Kenneth P. Olive Cancer Cell

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Silencing the Killers: Paracrine Immune Suppression in Pancreatic Cancer Adrienne D. Cox, Kenneth P. Olive Cancer Cell Volume 21, Issue 6, Pages 715-716 (June 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.05.029 Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Tumor Cell-Derived GM-CSF Drives Immune Suppression in Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenically activated KRAS (∗KRAS) expressed in pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDECs) reprograms the tumor microenvironment by directing transcription of the inflammatory cytokine GM-CSF. Tumor-derived GM-CSF promotes recruitment of myeloid progenitor cells to the surrounding stroma and subsequent differentiation into myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs suppress the immune surveillance function of CD8+ killer T cells, preventing them from recognizing and clearing transformed PDECs. Arg, arginase; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase. Both Arg and iNOS have been linked with immunosuppressive capabilities of MDSCs. Cancer Cell 2012 21, 715-716DOI: (10.1016/j.ccr.2012.05.029) Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions