Was the New Deal an effective response to the Great Depression?

Franklin Roosevelt (FDR) President from 1933-1945 March 4, 1933, FDR took office In his speech, he gave people hope One of the most successful and well-liked presidents of all time

“You have nothing to fear, but fear itself” -FDR

“You have nothing to fear, but fear itself.” Not afraid to try anything Fear can hurt one from moving forward, from succeeding. We need not fear tomorrow or the next day. The only thing we should be afraid of is that fear which keeps us caught up in self-pity and loss. If we can overcome that, we can move forward.

New Deal Massive change in the American way of life was needed to tackle the problems Created programs to help manage the American economy and help Americans

New Deal: The 3 R’s Relief: Help get rid of problems like unemployment Recovery: to fix it and make it better the economy – fix banks, control money, deal with debt, fix the budget, help farmers, Reform: to rebuild, to change the economy and America and government

Pump-Priming Government should work from the bottom up Take actions to get money directly into the hands of consumers Use government funds to restart the circulation on money If people felt more secure Start spending money Encourage business to start growing and hiring again

FDR’s 3R’s for the Depression Relief- immediate help to the people Recovery- help the economy get back on its feet Reform- change our system so it would not fall apart again

“If one plan fails, admit it and try another” The first 100 days of FDR’s term saw the Congress creating many new laws. His first 100 days have always been judged.

FDR felt that is was the government’s responsibility to help people in hard times.

Relief Programs

Emergency Banking Act (1933) Closed the nations banks by declaring a “bank holiday” Financially stable banks reopened With a stamp of approval by the Federal government Federal loans to banks!

Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) Young men 18-25 worked Plant trees, built roads, flood control Provided room an board Pays $30 a month $25 went home to family

PWA, TVA, & WPA Public Works Administration Tennessee Valley Authority Works Progress Administration All helped build different needed places Bridges, tunnels, damns, roads, and hospitals

Recovery Programs

NRA- Nation Recovery Administration Encouraged business to reopen Establish minimum wage Fair Labor Standards Act End child labor

Federal Housing Administration (FHA)

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) Paid farmers not to grow crops Paid farmers to destroy crops

Reform Programs

Glass- Steagall banking Act (1933) Created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insured money people put into the bank for up to $250,000 protects our money!

Securities Exchange Act (SEC) Pursue legal action against fraud within the stock market Regulate the stock market!

Social Security Act (1935) Started in 1935 Government responsible for Elderly: pensions for later years Disabled: money to blind and disabled Americans Unemployed: workmen’s compensation until new work formed

Create your own NEW DEAL MURAL On one card: Make a MURAL of images that represent your favorite NEW DEAL policy. On the other card, write and fill in this template: The New Deal Program known as ________ (___), benefitted America because it _____________________. This helped solve the problem of _________. This mural represents this program because ______________ (describe how the mural relates to the New Deal Program you chose).

Was the New Deal constitutional and helpful to all American groups?

United States v. Butler Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States In 1935 Supreme Court ruled that FDR’s New Deal Programs, the National Industrial Recovery Act and Agricultural Adjustment Act, were illegal Program was to help business leaders create and put into effect codes that controlled prices, wages, and other matters The Court believed that it gave too much power to the president and business groups because it was controlling what farmers can and cannot do.

What do these charts imply about the New Deal Program? Unemployment Rates from 1929-1941 1929 3.2% 1930 8.7% 1931 15.9% 1932 23.6% 1933 24.9% 1934 21.7% 1935 20.1% 1936 16.9% 1937 14.3% 1938 19.0% 1939 17.2% 1940 14.6% 1941 9.9% Federal Government and Spending – Billion of Dollars Year Total National Debts 1929 16.9 1930 16.1 1931 16.8 1932 19.4 1933 22.5 1934 27.0 1935 28.7 1936 33.7 1937 36.4 1938 37.1 1939 40.4 1940 42.9 1941 48.9

African Americans people who worked on farms or as domestic servants were excluded from Social Security law automatically cut half the black workers in the country and around 60 percent of all workers in the in the South, out of the social Security system Segregation Jim Crow Laws

Women Married women were the first to lose their jobs because it was thought that a keeping a man working was more important Roosevelt’s New Deal were construction projects largely jobs for men. Paid less

Packing the Supreme Court make the federal courts bigger raising the number of Justices (judges) on the Supreme Court from 9 to 15 supporters and critics of the New Deal accused him of trying to “pack” the Court with Justices who supported his views threat to the principle of separation of powers.

Packing the Supreme Court

Success or Failure? Still 6 million out of work in 1941. The numbers fell due to enlistment and rearmament in WW2. Black people were segregated from white. Women were excluded from the New Deal. Tennessee benefited but many areas were still suffering. Reduced unemployment by 7 million Soil conservation schemes. The Stock Market and banks recovered. Transformed the Tennessee valley. Roosevelt was re-elected.

Summary FDR tried his hardest to improve America’s condition. Unfortunately, these same problems were being felt in other parts of the world

Even though the depression was a bad time, there was some good that came out of it: Families got close People helped each other Change of past times Back to simple pleasures, such as cards and dominos

FDR was a good/bad (choose one) president FDR was a good/bad (choose one) president. This is because of certain actions he took. For example, FDR was a good/bad (choose one) president because he _________________________________ ________________________________________________________. He also did _____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________. Even though some of his actions were good/bad (circle the opposite from the ones you circle above), for example, FDR did______________________________________________________ and ____________________________________________ ____other actions taken as president outweighed this, such as ______________ _____________________________________ and _______________ _________________________________________________.