Life Science OGT Benchmarks A, B, & D

Benchmark A Living cells are composed of a small number of key chemical elements which include: Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus Sulfur Living cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things

The Cell

Living cells come from pre-existing cells after life originated Living cells are different from viruses A cell has specialized structures called organelles which include but are not limited to: Nucleus Chromosome Mitochondria Cell membrane Cell wall Chloroplast Cilia Flagella

Parts of the cell

Benchmark B Cellular processes which indicate the characteristics of life include: Homeostasis Energy transfers & transformations Disposal of wastes Synthesis of new molecules Cells divide through mitosis and meiosis Cells are specialized to perform specific functions Multicellular organisms are formed as highly organized arrangements of differentiated cells

Mitosis

Benchmark D Cells and organisms acquire and release energy through: Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Cellular respiration Fermentation Living organisms use matter and energy to synthesize a variety of organic molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids to drive life processes such as growth, reacting to the environment, reproduction and movement

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration