Science: Final Exam Review

Scientists …and cell theory Schleiden: Schwann: Virchow: Hooke:

Scientists Schleiden: all plants are made of cells

Schwann - All ANIMALS are made of cells

Virchow - all cells come from cells

HOOKE 1st to identify cells (named them)

Unicellular vs. Multicellular

Autotroph Heterotroph

Heterotrophs Carnivores: Herbivores: Omnivores:

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Know the major cell parts:

Cell Transport Diffusion: High to low Osmosis: High to low, water ONLY

Cell Transport If it goes LOW to HIGH (uphill); it must be some form of _____________________

ACTIVE Transport

Respiration vs. Photosynthesis vs Fermentation Respiration: Breakdown of food to get energy In mitochondria:

Glucose + Oxygen → Energy + Carbon Dioxide+ Water Respiration Glucose + Oxygen → Energy + Carbon Dioxide+ Water C6 H12 O6 + O2 → ATP + CO2 + H20

Respiration vs. Photosynthesis vs Fermentation Photosynthesis: Using sunlight (energy) to make food In chloroplast:

Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen Photosynthesis sunlight Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen Sunlight CO2 + H2O → glucose + O2

Fermentation Getting energy from food WITHOUT using oxygen Glucose → Energy + Alcohol

Review DNA: Translation Replication: Transcription:

Base-pairing rule:

Cell Cycle

Mitosis: 1 cell → 2 cells (body cells) Chromosome number stays the same (ex: cell starts with 46, each new cell has 46

Meiosis: 1 cell → 4 cells (sex cells) Chromosome number is cut in HALF (ex: cell starts with 46, 4 ending cells each have 23)

Genetics: Gregor Mendel Genotype vs. Phenotype (TT, Tt = tall) Punnett Squares

Evolution: by Natural Selection

Natural Selection Overproduction Variation Competition Favorable variations passed on