Opening Activity: March 29, 2016 Review data from Lab #15 Activity 2. Under which conditions did you have a functional enzyme yesterday? Under which conditions did you have a non-functional enzyme? What was the active site of your enzyme? I can… How are genes related to functional and non-functional enzymes. Homework: Science Expo RD Due 4/1 Enzyme Quiz 4/4

DNA structure- Chromosomes Chromosomes = long pieces of DNA

Chromosomes have genetic information and are passed on every time a cell divides Dividing onion cells chromosomes chromosomes cell wall Chromosomes can be stained with dyes and observed in the light microscope. These cells are located in the tip of an onion root, where cell division is particularly rapid. Many of the cells shown here are in various stages of mitosis. Figure: 8.2 (from Freeman text) nucelus

Information flow in cells DNA protein traits

Chromosome structure- genes Regions of chromosomes called genes determine which proteins can be made in the cell Traits result from which proteins are made Human chromosome # 7 Contains about 1,800 genes Contains over 150 million nucleotides Link to view genes and DNA sequence

Genes ATAACAGGCGACTTACGGC GCCGTAAGTCGCCTGTTAT The order, or sequence, of nucleotides in a gene is a code that cells use to make specific proteins ATAACAGGCGACTTACGGC GCCGTAAGTCGCCTGTTAT

DNA (gene) protein traits

How does this fit with how we have been explaining the relationship between proteins and traits?

“Roundbuds”

Roundbuds In a type of wildflower, the round bud, red pigment is synthesized from a colorless molecule by enzyme Q. 1. Draw the enzyme pathway for the round bud. 2. Some round buds are white. Explain why these flowers are white.

colorless (white) molecule Red Pigment molecule Enzyme Q Nodes = Metabolites Edges = Enzyme Colorless molecule Red pigment molecule Enzyme Q

Cell with gene for non-functional enzyme Q Cell of RED flower Cell of WHITE flower gene gene Cell with gene for non-functional enzyme Q Cell with gene for functional enzyme Q

Pigment Metabolic Network for the Imaginary Bioflower Blue Flower Red Flower Where is the variation in these flowers? Blue and Red Flowers (Color)

Bioflowers A colorless starting molecule is converted by enzyme A to blue pigment. Next, enzyme B converts the blue pigment to red pigment. Diagram of the pathway. (include a key) Give an explanation for a blue flower.

pathway Molecule cartoons Colorless (white) molecule Blue pigment molecule Red pigment molecule Enzyme A Enzyme B Molecule cartoons

Draw the enzymes and molecules present in the cells of each type of bioflower below. nucleus

Draw the enzymes and molecules present in the cells of each type of bioflower below. nucleus

Draw the enzymes and molecules present in the cells of each type of bioflower below. nucleus

“Coat Color in Labrador Retrievers” Cocoa Midnight

Yellow and/or Red pigments tyrosinase Tyrosine Dopaquinone TRP-2 Enzyme X TRP-2 Brown pigment TRP-1 Black pigment

Exit Ticket A population of bears in British Columbia is famous for their white fur. Genetically they are identical to black bears, but the gene that normally turns a colorless precursor into black fur is non-functional. Draw a biomolecular model that shows a skin cell of these white bears.