PHYSIOLOGY OF LEUKOCYTES. BLOOD TYPES

Function of leukocytes 1. Protective 2. Transport 3. Metabolic 4. Regenerator

Quantity of leukocytes and their changes White cells are nucleated and somewhat variable in size and shape. Their numbering is 4-9•Giga per liter. The number of lymphocytes are – 18-37 %, monocytes – 3-11 %, eosinophils –0,5-5 %, basophils – 0-1 %, juvenile neutrophile – 0-1 %, relating to stab (rod-shaped) neutrophil – 1-6 %, segmented neutrophil – 47-72 %. The number of leukocytes may increase or decrease.

Development of monocytes common progenitor cell – uncommited stem cell – commited stem cell – monoblast – promonocyte – monocyte – tissue macrophage.

Development of lymphocytes common progenitor cell – bone marrow lymphocytes precursor – lymphoblast – prolymphocyte – large lymphocyte – small lymphocyte. Lymphocytes in the fetus are thought to arise first in the thymus. Later they are found in lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphoid tissues as well as in bone marrow.

Development of gtanulocytes common progenitor cell – uncommited stem cell – commited stem cell – myeloblast (basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil) – promyelocyte – myelocyte – metamyelocyte – juvenile – rod-shaped neutrophil (basophil, eosinophil), segmented neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil.

Physiological role of T-lymphocytes 1. Immune memory. 2. Anti viruses immunity. 3. Anti tissue immunity. 4. Regulate phagocytosis. Function of В-lymphocytes 2. Specific immunity. B-lymphocytes syntheses the immunoglobulins such as IgM, IgN, IgA, IgG, IgB, IgE.

System of mononucleares phagocytes These is the system, which common the cells with one nucleus, common origin from red bone marrow, common function of high specific phagocytosis

The index of nuclear’s changing of neutrophyls, it interpretation NCN=(M+J+S1)/S2, where M – myelocytes, J– juvenile, S1 – stab neutrophils, S2 – segmented neutrophils Norm is 0,06-0,09

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