Introduction to Security Cooperation Management 26 April 2018

Lesson Objectives Place Security Cooperation (SC) in the context of U.S. Foreign Policy and the National Security Strategy Define basic SC terms, the overall SC planning process, and the difference between 10 U.S.C. and 22 U.S.C. Identify key SC laws, legislation, SC focus areas, programs, & organizations

SC Introduction, Definitions & Law Outline SC Introduction, Definitions & Law Foreign Policy & the National Security Strategy SC & the 3 Ds (Defense, Diplomacy, & Development) Key Legal Guidelines SC Planning Process: Ends (SC goals), Ways (SC Focus Areas), & Means (SC Programs)

Select Security Assistance (SA)/SC Programs & SC Organizations Outline (2) SC Focus Areas Security Sector Assistance (SSA) [Whole of Government/Interagency] Defense Institution Building (DIB) [Ministry/Department level] Security Force Assistance (SFA) [Operational/Tactical level] Select Security Assistance (SA)/SC Programs & SC Organizations

SC Introduction, Definitions & Law

Security Cooperation Definition The term “security cooperation programs and activities of the Department of Defense” means any program, activity (including an exercise), or interaction of the Department of Defense with the security establishment of a foreign country to achieve a purpose as follows: To build and develop allied and friendly security capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations. To provide the armed forces with access to the foreign country during peacetime or a contingency operation. To build relationships that promote specific United States security interests. Title 10, United States Code 301 (10 USC 301) enacted by FY17 NDAA

DoD Policy on Security Cooperation An integral element of the DoD mission and a tool of national security and foreign policy Plans will be developed in accordance with strategic guidance Country-specific security cooperation sections will inform the integrated country strategies Consistent with Presidential Policy Directive 23, implemented through a whole-of-government process Undertaken through a holistic approach that identifies and addresses capability requirements DoD will maintain a robust program of assessment, monitoring, and evaluation of security cooperation DoD personnel will not, without appropriate authorization, make commitments DoDD 5132.03, December 2016

Security Cooperation is part of the 3Ds Major Aspect of U. S Security Cooperation is part of the 3Ds Major Aspect of U.S. Foreign Policy Development International Armaments Cooperation Building of Schools/Clinics Security Cooperation Supports National Security Interests! Diplomacy Alliances Coalition Partnerships Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) Defense Interoperability Foreign Military Sales (FMS) Exercises

Key SC Legislation Legislative Authorities DoS, 22 U.S.C.: Arms Export Control Act, AECA (22 U.S.C., 2751-2799) and Foreign Assistance Act, FAA (22 U.S.C., 2151-2431) DoD, 10 U.S.C.: National Defense Authorization Act (FY 2017, NDAA, P.L. 114-328) Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 Division C--Department Of Defense Appropriations Act, 2018 Division K--Department Of State, Foreign Operations, And Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2018 Title VIII--Overseas Contingency Operations/Global War on Terrorism

Key SC Regulations Regulations International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) [22 CFR 120-130] Security Assistance Management Manual (SAMM) [DSCA 5105.38-M]

SC Planning

Full-Spectrum Capability

SC Planning Process, The Macro Level Specific SC Goals Dos/USAID JSP GEF Ends CCMD TCP ICS SC Focus Areas SSA Ways DIB SFA 333 Various SC Programs Means IMET Exercises FMS DoS/USAID JSP = Department of State/USAID Joint Strategic Plan; GEF = Guidance for Employment of the Force; CCMD TCP = CCMD Theater Campaign Plan; ICS = Integrated Country Strategy 333 = Building Partner Capacity of Foreign Militaries; IMET = International Military Education and Training Chapter 1

Full-Spectrum Capability Vision and Military Ends/Ways/Means FMF/FMS CTFP IMET EDA 333 ALP 322 341/SPP Activities all interrelated Ends Ways Means

SC Goals (Ends) – A Select Sampling DoS/USAID Joint Strategic Plan 2018-2022 Chapter 19

SC Focus Areas (Ways)

Security Sector Assistance (SSA) SSA is a term used by the international community, Administration, and Department of State (DoS) referring to reform efforts directed at all the institutions, processes, and forces that provide security and promote the rule of law Whole of Government Approach with Partner Nations Interagency effort within U.S. Government; not just DoD and DoS Presidential Policy Directive 23 (PPD-23)

Defense Institution Building (DIB) Codified into permanent U.S. law under Section 332, 10 U.S.C. the program that allows SMEs, civilian advisors, and other expertise in helping a respective country’s MoDs and/or various security agencies institution building Programs, structures, and processes used to develop effective, efficient, and accountable partner defense establishments, including defense ministries, joint and general staffs and commands, and the supporting institutions of the armed forces A top down approach DoD Directive 5205.82 & Section 332, 10 U.S.C.

Security Force Assistance (SFA) SFA activities are primarily used to assist the Partner Nation (PN) in defending against internal and transnational threats to stability Supporting Foreign Internal Defense (FID) Counterterrorism (C/T) Counterinsurgency (COIN) Stability operations Typically implemented at the operational/tactical level Not just Ministry of Defense Joint Doctrine Note 1-13

Select SC Programs & SC Organizations

Security Cooperation DoD DoS SC Programs DoD [10 U.S.C.] SA Programs DoS [22 U.S.C.] FMS FMFP IMET EDA Leases DCS Exercises ESF 333 INCLE 342, RCSS NADR HA/HMA PKO IAC DCS = Direct Commercial Sales ESF = Economic Support Fund INCLE = International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement NADR = Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, Demining, and Related Programs PKO = Peacekeeping Operations 333 – Foreign Security Forces: Authority to Build Capacity RCSS –Regional Centers for Security Studies HA/HMA = Humanitarian Assistance/ Humanitarian Mine Action IAC = International Armaments Cooperation FMS = Foreign Military Sales FMFP = Foreign Military Financing Program IMET = International Military Education and Training EDA = Excess Defense Articles

Security Assistance (SA) Economic & military assistance to partner nations under State Department authority Supports USG foreign policy and national security objectives Deliverables: Can include defense articles, services, and training Terms of Transfer: Sale, grant, loan, or lease Chapter 1

Major Security Assistance Programs Administered by DoD Foreign Military Sales (FMS) Foreign Military Financing Program (FMFP) International Military Education and Training (IMET) Excess Defense Articles (EDA) Leases of Equipment Administered by DoS Direct Commercial Sales (DCS) Economic Support Fund (ESF) International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement (INCLE) Nonproliferation, Antiterrorism, Demining, and Related Programs (NADR) Peacekeeping Operations (PKO)

Examples of Select SC Programs § 311 - Exchange of defense personnel between United States and friendly foreign countries: authority § 321 - Training with friendly foreign countries: payment of training and exercise expenses § 331 - Friendly foreign countries: authority to provide support for conduct of operations § 333 - Foreign security forces: authority to build capacity § 342 - Regional Centers for Security Studies Chapter 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Some Key SC Organizational Terms SC Enterprise (SCE): The network of entities engaged in any element of SC programs, either as providers or beneficiaries. This includes U.S. government (USG) agencies, Congress, foreign partners, and industry SC Community: A subset of USG executive branch entities within the SCE directly responsible for managing or executing SC programs or the policies that affect them SC Workforce: Employees of USG agencies with the SC community 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Key USG SC Organizations President Congress Senate Foreign Relations Committee (SFRC) House Foreign Affairs Committee (HFAC) Senate Armed Services Committee (SASC) House Armed Services Committee (HASC) Senate Appropriations Committee (SAC) House Appropriations Committee (HAC) Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Government Accountability Office (GAO) Office of Management and Budget (OMB) National Security Council (NSC) Secretary of Defense Secretary of State Chapter 3

Department of State (DoS) SC Responsibilities General direction of foreign assistance Program determination by country Integration of programs to support U.S. national objectives Chapter 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Organizations Department of State President of the United States Secretary of State Administrator, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Chief, U.S. Diplomatic Mission Under Secretary for Political Affairs (P) Director, U.S. Foreign Assistance (F) Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security Affairs (T) Africa South - Central Asia Senior Defense Official/Defense Attaché (SDO/DATT) Europe - Eurasia West Hemi Assistant Secretary for Political-Military Affairs (PM) East Asia - Pacific Near East Office of Regional Security and Arms Transfers (RSAT) Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC) Int’l Orgs Security Cooperation Organization (SCO) Defense Attaché Office (DAO) Office of Security Assistance (SA) Office of Congressional & Public Affairs (CPA) Chapter 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Department of Defense (DoD) SC Responsibilities Direction and Funding of DoD SC Programs Program planning and execution Procurement of equipment/services Transportation of military articles Conduct of military training Chapter 3 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

Organizations Department of Defense President of the United States Secretary of Defense Department of the Army Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition & Sustainment (USD(A&S)) Under Secretary of Defense for Research & Engineering (USD(R&E)) Under Secretary of Defense for Policy (USD(P)) Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff The Joint Staff Geographic Combatant Commanders (GCCs) Department of the Navy Department of the Air Force Senior Defense Official/Defense Attaché (SDO/DATT) Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) Director, International Cooperation Security Cooperation Organization (SCO) Defense Attaché Office (DAO) Chapter 3

DSCA Mission, Vision, Values (1) DSCA’s mission is to advance U.S. national security and foreign policy interests by building the capacity of foreign security forces to respond to shared challenges. DSCA leads the broader U.S. security cooperation enterprise in its efforts to train, educate, advise, and equip foreign partners. DSCA’s vision is to deliver effective, enduring, and timely partner capabilities that advance U.S. national security and foreign policy interests.

DSCA Mission, Vision, Values (2) DSCA incorporates our values into every aspect of performing our mission and planning for the future. These values are: Demonstrating the utmost commitment to achieving our mission. Maintaining the integrity of our business practices by pursuing a deliberate, accountable approach. Prioritizing responsiveness to our stakeholders’ needs. Maintaining transparency with our stakeholders through communication and information sharing. Maximizing results through collaboration. Encouraging innovation to improve how we do business and tackle new challenges. Prioritizing investment in the workforce. Promoting the empowerment of our teammates to take action to achieve our goals.

Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) SC/SA Responsibilities Oversee execution of assigned SC programs Coordinate SC programs with other agencies Direct, administer, and provide execution guidance for SFA programs assigned Develop and promulgate the SAMM Manage DoD overseas humanitarian assistance programs Supervise Enterprise Application Development and Support Division (EADSD), Defense Institute of International Legal Studies (DIILS), and DISCS Chapter 3

Organizations Military Services SC Responsibilities Develop and implement SC policy in support of SecDef, OSD, and CCMDs Coordinate technology transfer decisions Provide defense articles, services, and training to partner nations Participate in international armaments cooperation Provide resources to the SC community Chapter 3

Combatant Commands (CCMD) SC Responsibilities Develop theater strategies and campaign plans Develop and coordinate all AOR SC programs Command, supervise, and support assigned SCOs Recommend SC programs to SecDef, the Joint Staff, and MilSvcs Chapter 4

Geographic Combatant Commander (CCMD) AORs Chapter 4

Organizations Security Cooperation Office (SCO) SCO serves as the link between the partner nation, the USG, and defense contractors SCO may also be known as ODC, JUSMAG, OMC, MILGP, USMTM, OSC, etc. Senior Defense Official/Defense Attaché leads both the Security Cooperation Office (SCO) and Defense Attaché Office (DAO) PARTNER NATION U.S. SCO Chapter 4

Introduction to Security Cooperation Management 26 April 2018