JEFFERSON ALTERS THE NATION’S COURSE U.S. HISTORY CHAPTER 6-3 JEFFERSON ALTERS THE NATION’S COURSE

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1800 The election of 1800 was a bitter race between Federalist John Adams and Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson

http://www.wwnorton.com/college/history/archive/resources/maps/ch08_map03.htm (06/20/05)

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1800 Jefferson received 8 more electoral votes than Adams Electors, however, voted for both a presidential candidate and a V.P. This meant Aaron Burr, Jefferson’s running mate, received the same number of votes as Jefferson

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1800 The House of Representatives voted a total of 34 times, with the same result Finally, Alexander Hamilton convinced some federalist electors to vote for Jefferson, making him President The election of 1800 was important as it showed that the U.S. could transfer power peacefully, unlike many governments in Europe

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1800 The election of 1800 also revealed a flaw in the Constitution It was solved by passage of the 12th Amendment, which has electors cast separate ballots for President and V.P.

THE JEFFERSON PRESIDENCY Jefferson believed in a decentralized government He therefore: Reduced the size of the federal government Eliminated internal taxes Reduced the influence of the National Bank

THE JEFFERSON PRESIDENCY He advocated free trade, rather than government controlled trade and tariffs Jefferson advocated a “hands-off” policy called laissez-faire The idea that the government should play a limited role to restrain people from injuring each other

JEFFERSON AND GOVERNMENT Jefferson was the first President to be inaugurated in the new capital of Washington, D.C. The capital, like Jefferson, reflected the growing importance of the South in politics

THE SUPREME COURT President Adams had appointed John Marshall as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court The decisions handed down during his 30 years on the bench strengthened the power of the Supreme Court and federal government Adams had signed the Judicial Act of 1801 just before he left office It increased the number of Federal Judges

THE SUPREME COURT He then appointed federalists to these positions These judges were appointed just before he left office and were called “midnight judges” When Jefferson took office as President, he did not deliver the appointment papers He argued the appointments were invalid

MARBURY VS. MADISON William Marbury, one of the midnight judges, sued Secretary of State James Madison He claimed the Judiciary Act of 1789 required the Supreme Court to order the papers be delivered

MARBURY VS. MADISON Marbury lost his case, as the Supreme Court ruled the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional This affirmed the principal of Judicial Review This means the Supreme Court has the ability to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional

THE U.S. EXPANDS WEST During Jefferson’s presidency Americans continued to move westward The Cumberland Gap is a natural passage through the Appalachians, where Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia meet http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/images/0607boone_big.jpg (05/10/03)

THE U.S. EXPANDS WEST Daniel Boone had helped to clear the Wilderness Road from Virginia through the Cumberland Gap into Kentucky It became one of the major routes westward http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/images/0607boone_big.jpg (05/10/03)

INSTRUCTIONS Make sure you are not tardy This means having your materials out and being in your seat ready to go when the bell rings Materials to start class today are your 6-3 notes

LOUISIANA PURCHASE In 1800, Spain handed Louisiana, including New Orleans, back to France Jefferson was fearful the French might close New Orleans to American trade Needing funds, Napoleon decided to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United States in 1803 He sold it for $15 million The Senate ratified the Treaty, doubling the size of the United States http://www.ambrosevideo.com/resources/docs/118.JPG (06/20/05)

INSTRUCTIONS For today only, sit at the desk where your work has been placed We will be working in groups I have assigned later in class Get out the Ch 6-3 notes we did not finish on Lewis and Clark

LOUISIANA PURCHASE As little was known about the territory west of the Mississippi, Jefferson sent an expedition (Journey with a specific purpose) called the Corps of Discovery The Corps was to collect information about plants, animals and the Native American tribes on the trip from St. Louis to the Pacific Ocean

The Corps was led by two Army officers, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark http://www.ohs.org/education/focus_on_oregon_history/images/Lewis_&_Clark_Composite_OrHi_97395_&97396.jpg (06/20/05)

The expedition started off with 50 members, and later added a Native American woman as an interpreter, Sacajawea, a Shoshone women Leaving St. Louis in May 1804, the trip took two years and four months They added to the knowledge of the new area and helped lay claim to the Oregon Territory

MISSOURI RIVER http://www.sd4history.com/Unit2/images/Missouri%20River%20Big.jpg

http://www. nationalgeographic http://www.nationalgeographic.com/lewisandclark/record_landscapes_590_1_12.html (09/19/05)

MISSOURI RIVER http://goldwest.visitmt.com/Pictures/big/1349h.jpg (09/19/05)

FLOYD’S BLUFF http://www.ucds.org/LCWeb/floydbluff (09/19/05) http://www.lewis-clark.org/media/images/co_floyd-slab.jpg (09/19/05)

FORT MANDAN http://www.state.nd.us/hist/lewisclark/images/ftMandan.jpg (09/19/05)

http://www. nationalgeographic http://www.nationalgeographic.com/lewisandclark/record_landscapes_613_5_5.html (09/19/05)

WHITE CLIFFS http://www.nationalgeographic.com/lewisandclark/record_landscapes_563_8_10.html (09/19/05)

GREAT FALLS http://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu/images/GreatFalls_111-sc-82601.jpg (09/19/05) http://www.lewisandclarkpictures.com/albums/Photos-of-the-Lewis-and-Clark-Trail-Montana/Great_Falls.jpg (09/19/05)

BEAVERHEAD ROCK http://www.ourheritage.net/Lewis_and_Clark/images/beaverheadrock_L.jpg (09/19/05)

BITTERROOT MOUNTAINS http://www.nationalgeographic.com/lewisandclark/record_landscapes_571_12_20.html (09/15/09)

COLUMBIA RIVER http://www.nationalgeographic.com/lewisandclark/record_landscapes_584_13_44.html (09/19/09)

http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/LivingWith/Historical/LewisClark/Historical/oregon-state-archives_columbia_river_pacific_ocean_1972.jpg (09/19/05)

MOUTH OF THE COLUMBIA http://www.nationalgeographic.com/lewisandclark/record_landscapes_587_14_13.html (09/19/05)

THE PIKE EXPEDITION In 1805, Zebulon Pike was given a similar mission to the Corps of Discover He mapped the upper Mississippi River in 1805 http://www.wwnorton.com/college/history/archive/resources/maps/ch09_map01.htm (06/20/05)

THE PIKE EXPEDITION In 1806, he also explored the Arkansas River He then traveled to Colorado, where he charted the mountain now known as Pikes Peak http://www.wwnorton.com/college/history/archive/resources/maps/ch09_map01.htm (06/20/05)