Dual-fired (oil and natural gas) 850-MWe electrical power plant across the Hudson River from Manhattan. p. 318

Figure 10.1a: U.S. production of electricity by type of generation, 1950–2003. Fig. 10-1a, p. 318

Figure 10.1b: U.S. electricity production versus GDP, 1950–2003. Fig. 10-1b, p. 318

Figure 10.2: Electric power industry generation, 2003, for utilities and independent power producers. Fig. 10-2a, p. 319

Figure 10.2: Electric power industry generation, 2003, for utilities and independent power producers. Fig. 10-2b, p. 319

Figure 10.2: Electric power industry generation, 2003, for utilities and independent power producers. Fig. 10-2c, p. 319

Figure 10.3: A demonstration of electric forces showing that like charges repel. Just before this picture was taken, the plastic rod transferred negative charge to the pith ball, so now both objects have a net negative charge. Fig. 10-3, p. 323

p. 324

Figure 10.4: Diagram of the inside of a flashlight with a plastic case. When the switch is on, the metal strip makes contact with the metal ring around the bulb. This makes a continuous circuit through the metal strip on the inside of the casing to the spring and then to the negative terminal of the battery. The positive end of the battery is in contact with the filament of the bulb. Fig. 10-4, p. 325

Chemical-to-electrical energy converters. p. 327

Basic circuit for an electric vehicle Basic circuit for an electric vehicle. The charger feeds the batteries, which can then supply power to the motor to move the car. The speed and power of the motor are regulated by the controller, which is in turn controlled by the accelerator. p. 328

Table 10-1, p. 328

Figure 10.5: The Lexus RX 400h is a hybrid SUV that gets 31 mpg city and 27 mpg highway driving. (Its battery pack has a 288 V nominal voltage, boosted to 650 V by the boost converter.) Fig. 10-5, p. 329

Figure 10.6: Household circuit with toaster. Fig. 10-6, p. 331

p. 332

Resistance versus temperature for a superconductor Resistance versus temperature for a superconductor. The resistance is like that of a normal metal for higher temperatures but drops to zero at the critical temperature. p. 332

Figure 10. 7: Demonstration of magnetic levitation Figure 10.7: Demonstration of magnetic levitation. A magnet “floats” above a superconductor, which is in a bath of liquid nitrogen at 77 K (−196°C). Fig. 10-7, p. 333

Figure 10.8: Magnetically levitated (MAGLEV) trains, such as this one in Japan, might eventually make use of superconductors. Speeds in excess of 340 mph have been achieved on a test track. Fig. 10-8, p. 334

Figure 10. 9a: A circuit containing resistors in series Figure 10.9a: A circuit containing resistors in series. As more devices are added, the total resistance increases, and so the current decreases. Fig. 10-9a, p. 335

Figure 10. 9b: A circuit containing resistors in parallel Figure 10.9b: A circuit containing resistors in parallel. As more devices are added, the total resistance decreases. However, the current through each device (I1, I2, etc.) remains the same. Fig. 10-9b, p. 335

Figure 10.10: Electrical energy goes into work or heat. Fig. 10-10, p. 337

Figure 10. 11: Parallel connections in a household circuit Figure 10.11: Parallel connections in a household circuit. (Wiring connections are shown by a •.) Fig. 10-11, p. 338

Table 10-2a, p. 340

Table 10-2b, p. 340

Table 10-2c, p. 341

Table 10-2d, p. 341

Figure 10.12: Sticker displaying energy costs for an appliance, a dishwasher in this case. Fig. 10-12, p. 342

Figure 10.13: Energy-efficient fluorescent light bulbs with standard bases. Fig. 10-13, p. 343

Figure 10. 14: Cross section of a fuel cell Figure 10.14: Cross section of a fuel cell. The two porous carbon electrodes are immersed in the electrolyte. Other fuels can be used. Fig. 10-14, p. 346

Table 10-3, p. 346

The Mail Processing Center in Anchorage, Alaska, uses one of the nation’s largest fuel cell systems, 1 MW. p. 348

Figure 10.15: Three-way switch. Fig. 10-15, p. 351

Figure 10.16: The pith ball is at first attracted to the plastic rod; after making contact, it flies away in the opposite direction. Fig. 10-16a, p. 354

Figure 10.16: The pith ball is at first attracted to the plastic rod; after making contact, it flies away in the opposite direction. Fig. 10-16b, p. 354

Figure 10.16: The pith ball is at first attracted to the plastic rod; after making contact, it flies away in the opposite direction. Fig. 10-16c, p. 354

Figure 10.17: The comb has acquired a negative charge by being run through hair. It will attract a small piece of paper. Fig. 10-17, p. 356

Figure 10. 18: Personal electrification Figure 10.18: Personal electrification. Sliding on a car seat to get out can give you a net charge, which is discharged to the car door after you step out onto the ground. The shock results as the charge imbalance between you and the car is equalized. Fig. 10-18, p. 357

Figure 10.19: Schematic diagram of an electrostatic precipitator for the removal of particulate matter from combustion gases. Note the large negative voltage V on the center wire. Fig. 10-19, p. 357