Warm Up # 32 What is “Satyagraha” and how might it be an effective way to persuade someone?

Essential Question What conditions in India led to the people seeking independence from Britain?

India under British Rule The British were becoming more and more harsh with the Indian people. Indians were drafted into British Army for WWI and WWII.

1919 - Amritsar Massacre British General orders troops to fire on unarmed protesters in Amritsar, India 379 unarmed Indians killed, 1137 injured Gandhi order INC not to respond with violence

Readings Amritsar Massacre in pairs.

Gandhi Returns to India INC numbers grow under Gandhi’s leadership Preached an end to Caste System and racial oppression Drew both poor and rich Stressed unity among Hindus and Muslims Lead peaceful protests of government buildings

The Movement Gains Strength 1920’s and 30’s – The independence movement gains global support Gandhi given the name Mahatma = Great Soul Ascetic – simple, pure life Seen as a Hindu holy man Gains more fame when thrown in jail Tolerates all religions Lives with Untouchables

A Pinch of Salt Makes a Big Difference 1929 – Great Salt March British taxed salt – effected all Indians Gandhi and 50,000 walked to the Indian Ocean and made their own Against the law Protesters arrested, but jails could not hold them all

Talk about Soul Force British would not repeal the tax, so Gandhi orders a general work stoppage Without Indian workers and soldiers, the country came to a halt Gandhi arrested again Gandhi imprisoned again, goes on a hunger strike Gets global attention British look terrible!!!

India Boycotts Britain Gandhi encourages a boycott of all British goods Made own clothes Spinning wheel becomes his symbol Wants all to move to communal farms

Victory!!! Gandhi is a Global Hero 1931 – Gandhi is invited to London for negotiations 1935 – some British reforms are made 1939 - WWII begins Gandhi encouraged Indians to be pacifist and refuse to fight Thrown in jail (again) British too distracted by the war to maintain control 1947 – British leave India 1948 - Gandhi killed- Assassinated by a Hindu who was upset by Gandhi's acceptance of Muslims

Snowball Everyone take out a piece of paper and write down one Level 2 question.

Crash course: Peaceful Protest (if time)