Professor Antonio Gabaldón HIGHER TECHNICAL SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CARTAGENA RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY IN AN UNIVERSITY BUILDING THROUGH EFFICIENT LIGHTING: THE E.C. GREENLIGHT PROGRAM IN THE OLD NAVY HOSPITAL OF CARTAGENA (SPAIN) Professor Antonio Gabaldón

CIRED 17th International Conference on Electricity Distribution INDEX 1. INTRODUCTION 2. END-USE EFFICIENCY, ENVIRONMENT & DEREGULATION 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE LIGHTING SYSTEM 4. ELECTRICAL DEMAND PREDICTED & EXPECTED: END-USE IDENTIFICATION 5. IMPACT OF ENERGY-EFFICIENCY PROJECT 6. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 7. CONCLUSIONS 8. REFERENCES 11/24/2018 CIRED 17th International Conference on Electricity Distribution

CIRED 17th International Conference on Electricity Distribution 1. INTRODUCTION  UNIVERSITY OF CARTAGENA (UPCT) WANTS TO REDUCE ENERGY COSTS DURING NEXT 4 YEARS (PLAN 2002 TO 2006)  UPCT WANTS TO VALIDATE THE FEASIBILITY & COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT POLICIES  RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY: HVAC & LIGHTING  THIS PAPER FOCUSES IN LIGHTING END-USE 11/24/2018 CIRED 17th International Conference on Electricity Distribution

2. END-USE EFFICIENCY, ENVIRONMENT & DEREGULATION  ADVANTAGE: CONSIDERABLE POTENTIAL FOR IMPROVING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY  DISADVANTAGES: A CUSTOMER ATTENDS TO THE ENERGY BILL (ALWAYS) AN ELECTRICITY COST DECREASE (DUE TO THE COMPETITION IN DEREGULATED E&G MARKETS)  THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS HAVE BECOME LESS PROFITABLE 11/24/2018 CIRED 17th International Conference on Electricity Distribution

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE LIGHTING SYSTEM  BUILDING: 35,000 m2 (classrooms, departmental offices & laboratories) It is not so good for energy efficiency standards: HVAC & Lighting HVAC: COP  No enough insulation No cool/heat storage availability LIGHTING: Magnetic ballasts Fluorescent & halogen lamps It has an own distribution transformer center (2x1,250 KVA / 20 KV) Energy demand (year 2001): 1,600 MWh Power peak (summer year 2001): 1 MW 11/24/2018 CIRED 17th International Conference on Electricity Distribution

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE LIGHTING SYSTEM  PROJECT & GREENLIGHT OBJECTIVES: To improve the quality of lighting To improve energy and O&M expenses of our University To contribute to reduce greenhouse gases & pollutant compounds (VOC) To contribute to reduce EU dependence on external energy sources 11/24/2018 CIRED 17th International Conference on Electricity Distribution

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE LIGHTING SYSTEM  EXAMPLES OF ACTUAL LIGHTING SYSTEM 11/24/2018 CIRED 17th International Conference on Electricity Distribution

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE LIGHTING SYSTEM  EXAMPLES OF ACTUAL LIGHTING SYSTEM Classrooms & computer classroms: System based on 3 lamps luminaire (58 W, 26 mm single phosphor lamp plus magnetic ballast) Problems: Technology of lamps & ballasts Lighting axle Deficient switching circuit Others: bad design of the classrooms Underground classrooms: System based on 20 150 W High Intensity Discharge lamps -metal halide- with magnetic ballast 11/24/2018 CIRED 17th International Conference on Electricity Distribution

4. ELECTRICAL DEMAND PREDICTED & EXPECTED: END-USE IDENTIFICATION  3 changes are being achieved: fluorescent lamp upgrading from monophosphor lamp to triphosphor lamp ballast upgrading from 72 W magnetic ballast to 54 W electronic ballast hall lamp upgrading from 75 W halogen lamp to CFL 23 W lamp 11/24/2018 CIRED 17th International Conference on Electricity Distribution

4. ELECTRICAL DEMAND PREDICTED & EXPECTED: END-USE IDENTIFICATION  ENERGY SAVINGS FORECAST: to evaluate the annual demand of energy: Classroom : 10 hours/day (from 9h to 14h and from 16h to 21h) Secretary, library,…: 12 hours/day (from 8h30 to 20h30) Professor offices: 10 hours/day (from 9 to 14h and from 16h to 21h) External and hall lighting: an average of 4h/day Days per month: 22 days/month Months/year: 11 months 11/24/2018 CIRED 17th International Conference on Electricity Distribution

4. ELECTRICAL DEMAND PREDICTED & EXPECTED: END-USE IDENTIFICATION  ENERGY SAVINGS FORECAST (ii): Table II shows the power & the energy saving for the upgraded area: 11/24/2018 CIRED 17th International Conference on Electricity Distribution

4. ELECTRICAL DEMAND PREDICTED & EXPECTED: END-USE IDENTIFICATION  LIGHTING COSTS EQUIPMENT (UNITARY COSTS) TARIFFS 11/24/2018 CIRED 17th International Conference on Electricity Distribution

4. ELECTRICAL DEMAND PREDICTED & EXPECTED: END-USE IDENTIFICATION  LIGHTING COSTS SIMPLE PAYBACK (SPB) FE = P(400tc1+ 440tc2+ 400tc3+ 440tc4+ 660tc5) (Fluorescent lighting) FE = P(176tc1+ 176tc2+ 354tc4+ 264tc5) (Building halls) SPB=IC/FYS FE: Energy cost P: Rated power of each lighting use tci: Energy price in the i-period SPB: Simple Payback IC: Installed cost FYS: First Year Savings 11/24/2018 CIRED 17th International Conference on Electricity Distribution

5. IMPACTS OF ENERGY-EFFICIENCY PROJECT  SAVINGS IN HVAC SYSTEMS DEMAND It is used in summer It is used a PBLM Methodology (Conference Room) It is used the HVAC appliance (1,300 W & COP=2.8) Example (Dwelling temperature & DC of HVAC load behavior before & after lighting upgrading) 11/24/2018 CIRED 17th International Conference on Electricity Distribution

5. IMPACTS OF ENERGY-EFFICIENCY PROJECT  QUALITY OF SUPPLY (The major tasks involved are as follows) To develop measurements on the secondary circuits (PB-5 & P1-7 classrooms) To identify the loads that are particulary susceptibles to power quality To evaluate potential measures to mitigate the EMC problems The first item is being developed using: An Acquisition Card System (ACS) plus specifical SW A digital oscilloscope A Fluke Harmonic meter The other ones are being performed 11/24/2018 CIRED 17th International Conference on Electricity Distribution

CIRED 17th International Conference on Electricity Distribution 6. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 2 CLASSROOMS ARE BEING EQUIPPED WITH SOME ENERGY CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES: Some Occupancy sensors A dimming system combined with photocells An Energy Management System (at the UPCT transformer) 11/24/2018 CIRED 17th International Conference on Electricity Distribution

CIRED 17th International Conference on Electricity Distribution 7. CONCLUSIONS ADVANTAGES: The simulation & field results show the interest of lighting retrofit technologies To take advantage of existing equipment (luminaries) to reduce project expenses To take into account the interesting impact on HVAC demand DISADVANTAGE: The SPB is not so good as stated by the lighting industry & technical reports 11/24/2018 CIRED 17th International Conference on Electricity Distribution

Professor Antonio Gabaldón HIGHER TECHNICAL SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CARTAGENA RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY IN AN UNIVERSITY BUILDING THROUGH EFFICIENT LIGHTING: THE E.C. GREENLIGHT PROGRAM IN THE OLD NAVY HOSPITAL OF CARTAGENA (SPAIN) Professor Antonio Gabaldón