First Civilizations: Africa and Asia World History In the beginning… First Civilizations: Africa and Asia (3200 B.C. – 500 B.C.)

Sumer, the oldest civilization of the Middle East Ancient Sumer Sumer, the oldest civilization of the Middle East

Fertile Crescent Sumer

The Sumerians made great advances in mathematics and astronomy. So you can blame them for algebra and Geometry Used 6 as their numerical base SO… 60 minutes in an hours 360 degrees in a circle

Egypt: Gift of the Nile Egyptian civilization arose along the fertile banks of the Nile River in northeastern Africa.

Nile River Map

S E C T I O N 5 The World of the Hebrews The World of the Hebrews began in Ur of the Chaldeans (Sumer) Abram (Patriarch) heard God tell him to go to a Promised Land

including Babylonians, Assyrians & Persians! Mesopotamia’s located at a geographical crossroads for trade & Migration including Babylonians, Assyrians & Persians!

animism The belief in the existence of individual spirits that inhabit natural objects and phenomena

Conquers most of Mespopotamia Hammurabi 1790 BC Babylonian King Conquers most of Mespopotamia Law Code of Hammurabi

If not equal everyone had equal protection under the law… Code of Hammurabi Standardized Law = Consistent Codified Law = Written Everyone knew the LAW If not equal everyone had equal protection under the law… even women

Code of Hammurabi The Code of Hammurabi was a list of 282 laws brought together and written on an 8 foot tall stone pillar in 1280 AD for all the people of Babylonia to see.

What is most famous about Hammurabi? You probably assume it was one simple law. “An eye for an eye.” And although that was a law, and it is famous, Hammurabi’s code was a set of laws for everyone to follow, with set punishment if not followed. Brilliant Idea? Right?

#229 If a builder builds a house for a man and does not make its construction sound, and the house which he has built collapses and causes the death of the owner of the house, the builder shall be put to death.

#110 If a "sister of god" (nun) who is not living in a convent opens a wine shop or enters a wine shop for a drink, they shall burn that woman.

53   If any one be too lazy to keep his dam in proper condition, and does not so keep it; if then the dam break and all the fields be flooded, then shall he in whose dam the break occurred be sold for money, and the money shall replace the corn which he has caused to be ruined. 21 If any one break a hole into a house (break in to steal), he shall be put to death before that hole and be buried.

195   If a son strike his father, his hands shall be cut off. 196   If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out. [ An eye for an eye ] 197   If he break another man's bone, his bone shall be broken. 198   If he put out the eye of a freed man, or break the bone of a freed man, he shall pay one gold mina. 199   If he put out the eye of a man's slave, or break the bone of a man's slave, he shall pay one-half of its value. 200   If a man knock out the teeth of his equal, his teeth shall be knocked out. [ A tooth for a tooth ]