RC Filters B. Furman 09FEB2016
Mechatronics Concept Map User Interface ME 106 ME 120 Power Source Controller (Hardware & Software) ME 106 ME 190 ME 187 Power Interface ME 106 INTEGRATION Signal Conditioning ME 106 ME 120 Actuator ME 106 ME 154 ME 157 ME 195 Sensor ME 120 ME 297A System to Control ME 110 ME 136 ME 154 ME 157 ME 182 ME 189 ME 195 BJ Furman 15JAN11
How to Handle Noisy Signals? Filter! Inset from: http://cache.national.com/ds/LM/LM35.pdf
Impedance of a Capacitor Derive the impedance of a capacitor Physics for a capacitor C V(t) A time varying function Differentiate both sides Explain the concept of ‘impedance’ (in terms that a 6th grader could understand). Opposition to the flow of current. Impedance can be described as the relationship of voltage to current. For a resistor, its impedance is its resistance, R, since V/I = R. More charge, more voltage (pressure). Flash lamp driver. The impedance – the ratio of voltage to current What is s?
What is s? Previously Why? A time varying function A sinusoidal function, which can also be thought of as rotating vector
Complex Numbers and Vectors Think of a complex number as a vector Vectors have: Magnitude (length) Direction (angle) (imaginary axis) j b is of the form: q a Real axis Magnitude = Direction =
Sinusoidal Function Visualize the connection between the vector and the sinusoidal function of time Suppose the real component is plotted as a function of time http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Unfasor.gif
Generalized Voltage Divider What is Vo in terms of Vi, Z1, and Z2? Vi + Z2 Z1 Vo
RC Filters - 1 Frequency dependent voltage divider Impedance of a resistor, R Impedance of a capacitor, ZC R Vi + C Vo
RC Filters - 2 Transfer function Complex number Magnitude Vi C Vo Transfer function Complex number Magnitude (Magnitude of numerator)/(Magnitude of denominator) Angle (“phase angle”) (angle of num) – (angle of denom) How much the output is out of time synchronization with input
How does this come about?
RC Filters - 3 R Vi C Vo Behavior How does the magnitude and angle of the transfer function change with frequency? Ex. R=10k, C=1uF Filter ?
Bode Plots (the frequency response of the filter) Using a spreadsheet Magnitude vs. frequency Phase angle vs. frequency Hendrik Bode, 1938. Researcher at Bell Labs.
Bode Plots – Matlab/Octave Style
Mechatronics Concept Map User Interface ME 106 ME 120 Power Source Controller (Hardware & Software) ME 106 ME 190 ME 187 Power Interface ME 106 INTEGRATION Signal Conditioning ME 106 ME 120 Actuator ME 106 ME 154 ME 157 ME 195 Sensor ME 120 ME 297A System to Control ME 110 ME 136 ME 154 ME 157 ME 182 ME 189 ME 195 BJ Furman 26JAN06