Election of 1960 Democrats: Kennedy (VP Lyndon Johnson) Republicans: Nixon (VP Henry Cabot Lodge) Kennedy, a Roman Catholic, faced discrimination from many voters but Johnson helped him in the South The Election of 1960 was the first to be heavily influenced by television Kennedy/Nixon Debate

Page 955 Identify the following Flexible Response Peace Corps Alliance for Progress

Page 598 Identify the following Flexible Response: Kennedy’s plan to deal with international crises, involved having multiple options in event of emergency Peace Corps: Program to send American volunteers to developing foreign countries, Kennedy’s main focus was Africa Alliance for Progress: Kennedy offered aid to countries to encourage them to form democratic governments

Bay of Pigs CIA plan under Eisenhower to overthrow Castro in Cuba US trains and sends 1500 Cuban exiles into Cuba under the assumption that the US will aid them in their efforts Kennedy never intended to provide direct aid and the mission failed miserably The US looked like, “fools to our friends, rascals to our enemies, and incompetents to the rest.” Damaged Kennedy’s reputation as a leader, made him appear “soft” on communism

Crisis in Berlin Khrushchev viewed Kennedy as soft on Communism Demands that the US withdraw from West Berlin and recognize East German independence Kennedy refused and Khrushchev built a barrier to stop East Germans from fleeing to West Berlin US sends additional troops to West Berlin and a US-Soviet standoff begins Over time the concrete Berlin Wall is built

Berlin Wall

Cuban Missile Crisis October 14, 1962, U-2 spy plane spots ballistic missiles capable of reaching the US located in Cuba October 22, 1962, Kennedy enacts a “quarantine” around Cuba to stop Soviet ships from reaching the country JFK offers to remove US missiles from Turkey and Italy if USSR removes missiles from Cuba but receives no response

Cuban Missile Crisis As Soviet ships approached they stopped and returned to Russia, Sec of State Dean Rusk said, “We’re eyeball to eyeball, and I think the other fellow just blinked.” Kennedy saw this as a win as well and accepted a Soviet proposal to end the quarantine and promise not to invade Cuba in exchange for Soviet missiles being removed from Cuba The US does not remove our missiles from Europe, JFk and Khrushchev vow to improve relations between the two nations

Define p. 956-958 Hot Line Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

Section 2 The Kennedy White House Kennedy’s wife, Jackie, was one of the most popular first ladies ever Kennedy feared that public perception of him could change, he never was photographed in his glasses and went to great lengths to hide the fact that he suffered from Addison’s disease Kennedy’s closest advisors were Dean Rusk, Sec of Defense Robert McNamara and especially his brother, Attorney General Robert Kennedy…all distinguished men in their own right

Kennedy’s Domestic Program Page 960-962 What was the Equal Pay Act? What did Kennedy do in 1963 to jump-start the economy? What events pushed JFK to introduce Civil Rights legislation? In what ways did JFK attempt to win the so- called “Space Race”?

November 22, 1963 Kennedy traveled to Dallas to begin campaigning for the Election of 1964 At 12:30 while riding through the streets of Dallas in a convertible, JFK was fatally shot The governor of Texas was also shot but survived Abraham Zapruder, a Texas citizen caught the shooting live on a home camera Zapruder film JFK assassination

Lee Harvey Oswald Oswald was immediately the main suspect, he worked in the book depository where the shot had been fired Oswald was a loner who had traveled to the USSR and was believed to have strong communist views After the death of Kennedy a Dallas Police Officer, JD Tippit was shot and killed The assassin, Oswald fled to a movie theater in downtown Dallas where he was captured soon after He denied both murders and was killed 2 days later by nightclub owner Jack Ruby while changing jails YouTube - LEE HARVEY OSWALD HAS BEEN SHOT! (CBS-TV FOOTAGE)

Lee Harvey Oswald

Ruby Shoots Oswald

February Issue of Life

Warren Commission Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as President the day JFK was shot Amidst speculation that Kennedy’s assassination was a conspiracy he ordered an investigation Chief Justice Earl Warren led the commission that concluded that Kennedy was killed by a lone gunman, Oswald Court Scene

JFK Funeral The nation mourned the loss of the young President as one of the worst days in US History, he was 46 Funeral Mass

Johnson’s Great Society Section 3: 965-969 How did President Johnson intend to fight a “War on Poverty”? What did the Economic Opportunity Act do? Who ran against Johnson in 1964 and what was the outcome of the election? What was the goal of Johnson’s “Great Society”?

Healthcare Insurance LBJ passed Medicare which gave health coverage to senior citizens in the Social Security program, JFK had tried but failed for that law It also included Medicaid which gave poor Americans and those with disabilities basic health coverage

Education: Page 970 What did the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act do?

Environment: Page 970 Define Water Quality Act 1965 National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act

Immigration Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965: Allowed 170,000 Eastern Europeans into the country as well as 120,000 immigrants from the “Americas”

LBJ’s Legacy Poverty Declined Medicare and Medicaid are still used today LBJ passed meaningful Civil Rights legislation The Great Society was successful but overshadowed by LBJ’s failures in Vietnam

The Warren Court: Page 971-972 Baker v Carr Reynolds v Simms Mapp v Ohio Gideon v Wainwright Escobedo v Illinois Miranda v Arizona Engel v Vitale Abington v Schempp

10. Baker v Carr: Each electoral district must contain approx same number of voters 11. Gideon v Wainwright: Forced states to provide lawyers for poor defendants 12. Escobedo v Illinois: Allowed accused to have a lawyer present for interrogations 13. Miranda v Arizona: Accused persons must be informed of their rights at the time of arrest

After Test Page 896 Key Terms/Key People