Human Communication: The Basic Course Twelfth Edition PowerPoint™ Presentations prepared by: Naomi Young University of California, San Diego Joseph A. DeVito Hunter College of the City University of New York

Chapter Six: Nonverbal Messages This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter Goals Learn About: The functions nonverbal communication serves and how nonverbal communication interacts with your verbal messages The channels of nonverbal communication The role of culture and gender in nonverbal communication Learn To: Communicate more effectively with nonverbal messages Respond appropriately to the nonverbal messages of others Communicate with an awareness of cultural and gender influences and differences in nonverbal communication Encode and decode nonverbal messages more effectively Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 3

The Functions of Nonverbal Communication Integrating with verbal messages Forming and managing messages Defining relationships Structuring Conversation Influencing and Deceiving Expressing Emotions Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Integrating with Verbal Messages Accent or emphasize Complement or add nuances Contradicting Regulating Repeating Substituting Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Functions of Nonverbal Communication Manage self-impression Define relationships Structure interactions To influence To communicate emotion Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Functions of Nonverbal Communication cont… Integrating with Verbal Messages Accent Compliment Contradict Regulate Repeat Substitute Forming and Managing Impressions To be liked To be believed To excuse failure To secure help To hide faults To be followed To confirm self-image Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Functions of Nonverbal Communication cont… Defining Relationships Structuring Conversation Giving and receiving cues Influencing and Deceiving Influencing others through verbal and nonverbal signals Expressing Emotions Revealing happiness, sadness, or confusion through facial expressions Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Channels of Nonverbal Communication Body Face Eye Space Artifactual Touch Paralanguage Silence Time Smell Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Body Communication Body Movements (kinesics) Body Appearance Height 5 Major Types Emblems Illustrators Affect Displays Regulators Adaptors Body Appearance Height Skin Color Tone General Attractiveness Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Facial Communication Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Facial Management Intensify Deintensify Neutralize Mask Simulate Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Encoding Accuracy - Decoding Accuracy Women better than men encoding/decoding Some emotions easier to encode and decode than others ex. ‘happiness’, ‘surprise’ Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Eye Communication Functions of Eye Contact Functions of Eye Avoidance Seeking feedback To open communication Signaling nature of relationship Visual Dominance/Signaling Power Lessening physical distance Functions of Eye Avoidance Help others maintain privacy Signal lack of interest Block unpleasant stimuli Enhance other senses Civil inattention Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Space Communication Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Territoriality-Three Types Primary territories Secondary territories Public territories Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Territorial Markers Central markers - items you place in a territory to reserve it Boundary marker - divides territory Earmarkers - indicates ownership of a territory or object Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Artifactual Communication Color Communication Clothing and body adornment Space decoration Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Touch Communication Meanings Touch avoidance Positive feelings Intention to play Control behavior Ritualistic Task-Related Touch avoidance Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Paralanguage: The Vocal Channel Silence Time to think Weapon to hurt To lessen anxiety Prevent communication Communicate emotional response Paralanguage Qualities Pitch Rate Volume Judgments about people Judgments about communication effectiveness Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Time Communication Temporal communication/chronemics Psychological time orientation - emphasis on past, present, or future Time orientation you develop depends largely on your socioeconomic class and your personal experiences Cultural time Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Smell Communication Attraction messages Taste messages Memory messages Identification messages Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Culture and Nonverbal Communication Culture and Gesture Culture and Facial Expression Culture and Eye Communication Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Culture and Nonverbal Communication Culture and Colors Colors vary greatly in their meanings from one culture to another Culture and Touch touch functions are not served in the same way in all cultures Culture, Paralanguage, and Silence Collectivistic and individualistic all cultures do not view silence as functioning in the same way ex. Muslim children are socialized not to touch members of the opposite sex— can be interpreted as unfriendly Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Culture and Time People in different cultures view time differently The Social Clock Unspoken timetable that tells if you’re keeping pace with your peers, are ahead of them, or are falling behind Formal Time Seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years Informal Time “Forever,” “immediately,” “soon,” “right away,” or “as soon as possible (Neugarten, 1979) Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Culture and Time cont… Monochronic Time Orientation Cultures who schedule one thing at a time Time is compartmentalized United States, Germany, Scandinavia Polychronic Time Orientation Cultures who schedule more than one thing at the same time Latin Americans, Mediterranean people, and Arabs Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Knowledge to Action Give some examples in nonverbal communication where offensive language can be replaced with confirming language. Copyright ©2012, 2009, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.