Notes: Cell Basics and Organelles Life – it’s all about the cell

Levels of organization ATOMS  elements Organic molecules – Carb, Lip, Prot, NA (biomolecules) ORGANELLES – cell parts w/specific functions CELLS – **1st level of life ** TISSUE ORGAN ORGAN SYSTEM ORGANISM 8 levels

Example

Cell Trivia An adult has approx. 60 trillion cells Each of your eyes has 125 million light sensitive cells that are connected to 1 million nerve cells When you donate blood, you give up 5.4 billion cells A square cm of your skin is made up of 155,000 cells. There are 30 billion cells in your brain.

Prokaryotic cells Simple cells – very small pro=before kary=nucleus Prokaryotic cells Simple cells – very small 1st cells on Earth – 3.5 BYA Kingdom Eubacteria & Archaebacteria Do NOT have nucleus, but do have nucleic acid/material Most have a cell wall Do NOT have organelles

DNA

Eukaryotic Cells All other kingdoms (plants, animals, protists, fungi) eu=true Eukaryotic Cells All other kingdoms (plants, animals, protists, fungi) Found on Earth 1.5 BYA Has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Quick check – Why is this cell eukaryotic? Because it has a cell wall. Because it contains DNA. Because it has membrane-bound organelles. Because it does not have DNA. Nucleus Nucleolus Chromosomes Organelles Plasma membrane

Eukaryotic Cell Structures Cell/Plasma Membrane Cell Wall Cytoplasm Nucleus Nuclear Envelope Nucleolus Chloroplast Mitochondria Smooth ER/ Rough ER Ribosome Golgi Apparatus Vacuole Lysosome Cytoskeleton Cilia Flagella

1. Plasma (Cell) Membrane Controls what enters and leaves the cell Made up of a phospholipid bilayer and imbedded proteins

2. Cell Wall Provides protection to the cell, Found around the cell membrane in bacteria, plant, fungal and some protist cells.

3. Cytoplasm Fluid that supports and holds organelles in place

4. Nucleus – control center of cell 5. Nuclear envelope/membrane 6. Nucleolus – produces ribosomes

7. Chloroplast Green organelle found in plants And some protists. Photosynthesis occurs here

8. Mitochondria – site of cellular respiration

9. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – produces and transports lipids 10. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – produces and transports proteins

11. Ribosome – site of protein synthesis

12. Golgi Apparatus (Complex or Bodies) – produces vesicles, modifies, packages and transports proteins

13. Vacuole Stores food, water and waste products. Large and central in plant cells Small and numerous in animal cells

14. Lysosomes – break down waste and foreign invaders, not found in plant cells

15. Cytoskeleton – Provides shape and structure to cell microfilaments microtubules

16. Cilia - 17. Flagella – hair-like projections for movement 16. Cilia - 17. Flagella – hair-like projections for movement Tail-like projections for movement Ciliated respiratory cells

18. Centrioles – found in animal cells, aid in cellular division