Copy Bold Mind Stretcher 10/9/17 1. Organisms break down sugar/food and release carbon dioxide and create energy in_______ Respiration Combustion Photosynthesis Decomposition 2. Why is nitrogen important to organisms? It transports food It cools the body It changes substances to simpler molecules It builds new protein & DNA for cells

Earth’s Biomes Chapter 20

https://youtu.be/hIy0ZlyPPDg Introduction to Biomes https://youtu.be/hIy0ZlyPPDg

THE BOTTOM LINE: Biomes are dependent on two very important environmental factors: Average Temperature Average Rainfall Biomes are named after the dominant type of vegetation (plants) associated with large land areas. The three major land biomes are: (1) Deserts, (2) Grasslands, (3) Forests

Celsius Scale 30’s Warm 20’s Nice 10’s Cold 0’s Ice

BIOME Organizer Heavy Rainfall Average Rainfall Light Cold/Polar Temperatures Average/ “Temperate” Temperatures Hot/Tropical Temperatures Heavy Rainfall Average Rainfall Light

Taiga Deciduous Prairie Savanna Tundra BIOME Organizer Cold/Polar Temperatures Average/ Temperate Temperatures Hot/Tropical Temperatures Heavy Rainfall Average Rainfall Light Taiga Coniferous or Boreal Forests Deciduous Temperate Forests Tropical Rain Forests Prairie Temperate Grasslands Savanna Tropical Grasslands Tundra Polar Grasslands Cool Deserts Temperate Deserts Tropical Deserts

Biome Map Using the World Map in the back of your agenda, label the following latitudes: 0 (equator) Tropic of Cancer (23.5 degrees N) Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 degrees S)

Color each biome according to the number/color listed below: Biome Map Color each biome according to the number/color listed below: 1- Tundra (BLUE) 2- Taiga (Dark GREEN) 3- Grassland (ORANGE) 4- Desert (YELLOW) 5- Tropical Rain Forest (RED) 6- Deciduous Forest (Light GREEN)

Brain Pop- Land Biomes https://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyandbehavior/landbiomes/

Mind Stretcher – 10/10/17 (copy bold) 1. If a person traveled south from the Arctic Circle to the equator, what would be the most probable sequence of land biomes he would pass through? (taiga, tundra, temperate forest, tropical forest) Temperate forest, taiga, tundra, tropical forest Tundra, taiga, temperate forest, tropical forest Tundra, tropical forest, taiga, temperate forest Tropical forest, temperate forest, taiga, tundra

Brain Pop- Land Biomes https://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyandbehavior/landbiomes/

Forests have these qualities: General Notes Forests have these qualities: A wide variety of plants, dominated by trees. Provides a variety of habitats for a variety animals. (birds, deer, bears, mice, opossum, insects, etc.)

Forest LAYERS: EMERGENT CANOPY UNDERSTORY FOREST FLOOR DRAW THIS!!

Brain Pop: Tropical Rain Forest DESCRIBE the Biome: Tropical Rain Forest: constant hot temp., high humidity, daily afternoon rains, poor soil, most animals live in the canopy, most biologically diverse, located near equator Animals- monkeys, birds of paradise, sloth, tons of insects, snakes, gorillas Plants- hardwood trees, vines (broadleaf plants) CLIMATE: Precipitation- up to 400 cm yearly (157.5 inches) Average Temperature- 20 (daytime)-34 degrees C (night) (translates to 68-93 degrees F) https://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/tropicalrainforests/ Brain Pop: Tropical Rain Forest

https://youtu.be/GK_vRtHJZu4 Why is biodiversity important? https://youtu.be/GK_vRtHJZu4

**WE LIVE HERE!!!** Temperate Forest DESCRIBE the Biome: CLIMATE: Temperate Deciduous: - moderate/average temperatures which change a lot during 4 seasons, - abundant precipitation (plenty) - deciduous trees lose their leaves each fall - soils are rich in nutrients - (deciduous means “to fall off”) Animals- deer, porcupine, hawks, raccoons, frogs, turtles, owls, red foxes Plants- Deciduous trees such as Oak, maple, birch, poplar trees, etc. CLIMATE: Precipitation- 75cm-125 cm yearly (29-49 inches) Average Temperature- Summer: 28ºC (82ºF) Winter: 6ºC (43ºF) **WE LIVE HERE!!!**

Atlanta, Georgia CLIMATE Precipitation- 119 cm yearly (47 inches) Average Temperature- Summer: 30ºC(86ºF) Winter: 11ºC (51ºF) Source: http://www.usclimatedata.com/climate.php?location=USGA0028

Brain Pop: Taiga Taiga/Coniferous: DESCRIBE the Biome: CLIMATE: Taiga/Coniferous: winters are long & dry, lots of snowfall & short days, temps. range from cool to extremely cold, dominated by conifers (“cone-bearing”) Animals- moose, caribou, grey wolves, lynx, grizzly bear, reindeer Plants- Evergreen trees: Douglas fir, hemlock, pine, spruce trees, etc. CLIMATE: Precipitation- 35cm-75 cm yearly (14-29 in.) Average Temperature- Summer: 14ºC (57ºF) Winter: -10ºC (14ºF) https://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/taiga/ Brain Pop: Taiga

Create a food chain : Tropical Rain Forest (Example: Fruit  Monkey  Jaguar) Coniferous Forest Deciduous Forest

Compare and contrast Draw the following Venn diagram on your group whiteboard & be prepared to share aloud… Focus on the temperature & rainfall. - Tropical, Average or Cold? - Heavy, Average or Light Rainfall? Temperate Forest Rainforest Taiga

Ideas to add… (poster or whiteboard) Group VENN Ideas to add… (poster or whiteboard) Location & examples Temperature in Celsius Annual Rainfall Types of trees & other plants Types of animals & other organisms Adaptations of organisms that help them live in these forests

Grasslands have these qualities: General notes on GRASSLAND biomes: Precipitation is high enough to allow grass to grow. Droughts and fires prevent permanent forests. Home to large herbivores and many burrowing animals

Savanna Brain Pop: Savanna DESCRIBE the Biome: Savanna (Tropical Grassland): high avg. temps. with a prolonged dry season of 4-6 months. Rest of the year is a wet season. Animals- zebra, lion, leopard, giraffe, elephant, rhino, warthogs, etc. (Think LION KING) Plants- Scattered clumps of trees; 3-6 feet tall grasses CLIMATE: Precipitation- 150 cm yearly (59 inches) Average Temperature- Dry Season: 34ºC (93ºF) Wet Season: 16ºC (61ºF) https://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/savanna/ Brain Pop: Savanna

Temperate Grassland DESCRIBE the Biome: Prairie (Temperate Grasslands): Strong, continuous winds & rapid evaporation; Animals- bison, coyote, prairie dogs, pocket gophers Plants- Has grass but few trees due to fires/grazing/drought CLIMATE: Precipitation- 25cm-75 cm yearly (10-29 inches) Average Temperature- Summer: 30ºC (86ºF) Winter: 0ºC (32ºF)

Tundra Brain Pop: Tundra DESCRIBE the Biome: Tundra (Polar Grasslands): Most of the year it’s extremely cold with high winds. Winters are long and low precipitation (mostly snow); Alpine tundra= top of mountains Permafrost = (frozen soil) Animals- mosquitoes, birds, musk oxen, arctic wolves, caribou Plants- shallow rooted plants, grasses, shrubs, mosses, lichens CLIMATE: Precipitation- 30cm-50 cm yearly (10-20 inches) Average Temperature- Summer: 12ºC (54ºF) Winter: -26ºC (-15ºF) https://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/tundra/ Brain Pop: Tundra

Animal Adaptations…BRRR! How this lab shows how animals stay warm even in cold climates: The shortening (vegetable fat) acts just like the layer of fat that is hidden under the skin of animals such as walruses, whales, and penguins who live in cold climates. The fat is an insulator meaning it does not allow heat or cold to move in or out of an object quickly. The fat holds the body heat in so the animal is able to stay warm. Based on the activity Penguin Undercoat from VanCleave (2000).

Ticket out the Door: HANDS FREE! EYES ON ME! EARS PLEASE! Close your eyes and imagine a simple savanna food web. What would happen in your food web, if the top level consumers were removed? HANDS FREE! EYES ON ME! EARS PLEASE!

Mind Stretcher (Is the temperature ice, cold, nice, warm, or hot?) 10oC 20oC 30oC 40oC 0oC 95oF 80oF 75oF 30oF 50oF Cold Nice Warm Hot Ice Hot Warm Nice Ice Cold

Deserts have these qualities: Precipitation is low and limited Evaporation exceeds precipitation (Rain dries out very fast) Light vegetation & clear skies Most animals are small and nocturnal (come out at night) Hot days – Cool nights!! CLIMATE: Precipitation- Less than 25 cm yearly (10 inches) Average Temperature- Summer: 38ºC (100ºF) Winter: 7ºC (45ºF)

Types of Deserts Tropical Desert - hot all year, few plants, wind-blown surfaces EX: Sahara

Types of Deserts Temperate Deserts - Daytime temp. hot in summer & cool in winter EX: The Mojave Desert

Types of Deserts Cool Desert – Warm summers & cold, cold winters EX: The Gobi Desert Brrr…It’s cold here

Desert Plants & Animals Plants- shallow, wide-spread roots; Cacti- fleshy stems and leaves to store water; Waxy coating to prevent water loss; tumbleweeds, flowering plants Animals- Tropical Desert: scorpion, thorny devil, camels, etc. Cool Desert: wolves, snow leopard, gazelles, golden eagles, camels, jerboa

How do animals see in the dark? (TedEd) https://youtu.be/t3CjTU7TaNA

Desert Food Web

Mind Stretcher – Tropical Rain Forest 1. Which of the following best describes the graph? Tropical, Temperate or Polar? Forest, Grassland, or Desert? 2. What biome do you think this data is from? Tropical Rain Forest