Introduction to GIS Rugaia Omer Ahmed.

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to GIS Rugaia Omer Ahmed

What this lesson covers? GIS Definition GIS Applications. GIS functions. GIS Components Importance of GIS Types of GIS software .

GIS Definition Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are fundamental tools for learning geography. A computer-based system to aid in the collection, maintenance, storage, analysis, output, and distribution of spatial data and information. Geographical Information Systems are a special class of information systems that keep track not only of events, activities, and things, but also of where these events, activities, and things happen or exist. نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) هي أدوات أساسية لتعلم الجغرافيا. نظام القائم على الحاسوب للمساعدة في جمع وصيانة وتخزين وتحليل، خرج، وتوزيع البيانات والمعلومات المكانية. نظم المعلومات الجغرافية هي فئة خاصة من نظم المعلومات التي تتبع ليس فقط للأحداث والأنشطة، والأشياء، ولكن أيضا من حيث مكان الأحداث والأنشطة والأمور /

GIS Definition A geographical information system (GIS) has the ability to store, retrieve, manipulate and analyse a range of spatially related data.  With a GIS the user may ask questions of data related to the map, search for patterns and distributions and investigate the underlying relationships between different sets of data.GIS handles data quickly and efficiently, proving mapping facilities that may have taken many hours to complete map نظام المعلومات الجغرافي (GIS) لديه القدرة على تخزين واسترجاع ومعالجة وتحليل مجموعة من البيانات المتعلقة مكانيا. مع نظم المعلومات الجغرافية قد يطلب من المستخدم أسئلة البيانات المتعلقة الخريطة، والبحث عن أنماط والتوزيعات والتحقيق العلاقات الكامنة بين مجموعات مختلفة من data.GIS يعالج البيانات بسرعة وكفاءة، مما يثبت مرافق التعيين الذي قد اتخذت عدة ساعات لإكمال خريطة

GIS Applications Risk assessment Natural disasters, disease infection, etc. Transportation systems Highways and interstates, subway and bus routes Infrastructure Power grids, sewage, water and gas lines Natural resource management تقييم المخاطر الكوارث الطبيعية، والعدوى المرض، الخ أنظمة النقل الطرق السريعة والطرق السريعة، ومترو الانفاق وخطوط الحافلات البنية التحتية شبكات الكهرباء والصرف الصحي والمياه وخطوط الغاز إدارة الموارد الطبيعية

Who does GIS

GIS functions Capture:- Paper maps, digital data, coordinates, gps, all together = gis data Store:- Vector (database consisting of points, lines and polygons) or raster formats (grid cells or pixels) Query:- Identifying specific features (what country is this), identify features based on conditions (counties with population greater than 500,000) Analyze Proximity (parcels 100 feet from the road), overlay, network analysis (how linear features are connected Display Maps, graphs, reports Output Paper maps, internet, document (.mxd), image

GIS functions الحصول على: - الخرائط الورقية، والبيانات الرقمية، وتنسيق، نظام تحديد المواقع، كل ذلك معا = بيانات نظم المعلومات الجغرافية التخزين:- (قاعدة بيانات تتكون من النقاط والخطوط والمضلعات) أو صيغ النقطية (خلايا الشبكة أو بكسل) استعلام:- تحديد ملامح محددة (أي بلد هذا)، وتحديد ملامح بناء على الظروف (المقاطعات التي يبلغ عدد سكانها أكبر من 500،000) التحليل التقريب (الطرود 100 قدم عن الطريق)، تراكب، وتحليل الشبكة (كيف الميزات الخطية ترتبط العرض الخرائط والرسوم البيانية والتقارير الناتج الخرائط الورقية، والإنترنت، وثيقة (.mxd)، صورة

GIS Components GIS constitutes of five key components: Hardware Software Data People Method

GIS Components يشكل نظام المعلومات الجغرافية من خمسة عناصر رئيسية هي: المعدات البرمجيات البيانات الناس طريقة