End of WWI and Start of 1920’s Snow Day Catch-up End of WWI and Start of 1920’s

Important Points to Know Committee on Public Information (Creel Commission) Espionage Act of 1917 Sedition Act of 1918 Treaty of Versailes Wilson’s 14 Points 1919 Palmer Raids Red Scare Great migration

The War at Home—Support and Opposition Committee on Public Information - a propaganda machine to influence public opinion Sometimes called the “Creel Commission” Espionage Act of 1917 - imprisonment and fines for aiding the enemy Sedition Act of 1918 - forbid saying anything against the war Anti-German hysteria

Wilson’s goals: Openness and League of Nations (14 Points) Wilson was forced to compromise on colonial territories belonging to the Central Powers League Covenant established the League of Nations Chief aim: collective security Article X of the Versailles Treaty created the League

President Wilson vs. Congress His post-war popularity in the world was unprecedented Republican victory in the Congressional election of 1918 stung Wilson Wilson broke the bi-partisan truce to campaign for Democrats Wilson returned to Europe a diminished leader Wilson infuriated Republicans by going to the Paris Peace Conference in December, 1918 Republican senators were excluded from the peace delegation

The actual Treaty of Versailles Germany punished Forced to accept guilt for the war Lost territory, colonies, demilitarized the Rhineland Ordered to pay $33 billion in war reparations Wilson fails, U.S. never joins the League of Nations

Germany was ordered to pay reparations to Allies Versailles Treaty Article 231 (“war-guilt” clause) Placed sole blame of war on Germany Germany was ordered to pay reparations to Allies Germany forced to accept severe military restrictions and loss of territory “self-determination” granted to new nations of Poland, Czechoslovakia, Finland, and the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

International consequences of WWI U.S. became the world’s economic and political leader (isolationism notwithstanding) The Russian Revolution created the world’s first communist society Britain, France, Austria and Turkey went into various states of decline Germany was devastated by the Versailles Treaty Led to the eventual rise of Adolf Hitler and World War II

A Changing Middle East

Ann Hagedorn’s Savage Peace 2007

Rural vs. Urban For the first time more Americans lived in the cities than in the country. With city life came many changes that worried older, rural people City dwellers help different views on drinking, gambling, and casual dating.

The Prelude — The Red Summer of 1919 Fear of communism in the U.S. Communist parties form in U.S. Bombs Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer launches a series of Palmer Raids in 1919-1920 American Legion formed - 100% American

The Fear of Radicalism 1919: “Red Scare” Illegal roundups of innocent people Forcible deportation of aliens Terrorism against “radicals,” immigrants 1927: Sacco and Vanzetti executed

Immigration Restriction 1924: National Origins Act 150,000 person quota on immigration Quotas favored northern Europeans Mexican immigrants exempted from quota

People Moving in the 1920s MAP 21-1, People Moving in the 1920s