Volume 52, Issue 3, Pages 725-732 (September 2007) Cellular Changes in Prostate Cancer Cells Induced by Intermittent Androgen Suppression  Sari Laitinen, Paula M. Martikainen, Teuvo L.J. Tammela, Tapio Visakorpi  European Urology  Volume 52, Issue 3, Pages 725-732 (September 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2006.11.043 Copyright © 2006 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Number of samples at each time point and average time of cycle of intermittent androgen suppression. European Urology 2007 52, 725-732DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2006.11.043) Copyright © 2006 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Box and whisker plots displaying serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values at each cycles of intermittent androgen suppression. The boxes indicate the area of 50% of samples; the horizontal line in the boxes indicates median value. The whiskers display the range. Significant decrease in PSA values in each cycle of castration is evident. European Urology 2007 52, 725-732DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2006.11.043) Copyright © 2006 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Nuclear androgen receptor immunostaining is evident in samples from one patient taken at the time of (A) diagnosis, (B) 6 mo of primary castration (first remission), (C) first progression, (D) second castration (second remission), and (E) second progression (×400 magnification). European Urology 2007 52, 725-732DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2006.11.043) Copyright © 2006 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 The effect of androgen withdrawal at 3 and 6 mo from the beginning of castration on (A) Gleason score, (B) proliferation activity as determined by Ki-67 immunostaining, and (C) apoptosis as detected by cleaved caspase-3 immunostaining in the whole material. European Urology 2007 52, 725-732DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2006.11.043) Copyright © 2006 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 The effect of androgen withdrawal and withheld during the intermittent androgen suppression cycles on (A) Gleason score, (B) proliferation activity as determined by Ki-67 immunostaining, and (C) apoptosis as detected by cleaved caspase-3 immunostaining. European Urology 2007 52, 725-732DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2006.11.043) Copyright © 2006 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions