Bill Strickland East Grand Rapids High School East Grand Rapids, MI AP World History Review Period 1: Technological and Environmental Transformations Bill Strickland East Grand Rapids High School East Grand Rapids, MI
Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org Period 1 Key Concepts Big Geography & the Peopling of the Earth The Neolithic Revolution & Early Agricultural Societies The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies November 24, 2018 Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org
Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org Period 1 Key Concepts Big Geography & the Peopling of the Earth During the Paleolithic Era (pre-10,000 BCE) hunter-gatherers gradually migrated from East Africa to Eurasia, Australia and the Americas, adapting their technology and cultures. November 24, 2018 Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org
Key Concepts (In Question Form) Big Geography & the Peopling of the Earth What is the evidence that explains the earliest history of humans and the planet? How is this evidence interpreted? Where did humans first appear on Earth, and what were the characteristics of their society, religion, technology, economy and culture? How did the earliest humans procure enough supplies to survive? November 24, 2018 Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org
Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org 11/24/2018 Q: What is the evidence that explains the earliest history of humans and the planet? “Out of Africa” migrations Theory based on Archeological Evidence The term “Big Geography” draws attention to the global nature of world history. Throughout the Paleolithic period, humans migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas. Early humans were mobile and creative in adapting to different geographical settings from savannah to desert to Ice Age tundra. By analogy with modern hunter/forager societies, anthropologists infer that these bands were relatively egalitarian. Humans also developed varied and sophisticated technologies. November 24, 2018 Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org
Q: How is this evidence interpreted? 11/24/2018 Q: How is this evidence interpreted? Archaeological Evidence: “Lucy” Louis & Mary Leakey “Lucy” skeleton 1.1 I Archeological evidence indicates that during the Paleolithic Era, hunting-foraging bands of humans gradually migrated from their origin in East Africa to Eurasia, Australia and the Americas, adapting their technology and cultures to new climate regions. Footprints in Olduvai Gorge, eastern Africa Richard Leakey, 1979 November 24, 2018 Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org
Q: What were the characteristics of early humans’ … 11/24/2018 Q: What were the characteristics of early humans’ … Society? Little if any social classes no possessions to distinguish rich/poor, powerful/weak Egalitarian (equal but not identical work & value of both genders’ contributions) Men probably hunted, women foraged/gathered. Small bands/communities (30-50 people) How do we know this? Comparison to modern hunter-gatherer societies 1.1 I A Humans used fire in new ways: to aid hunting and foraging, to protect against predators and to adapt to cold environments. 1.1 I B Humans developed a wider range of tools specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundra. November 24, 2018 Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org
Q: What were the characteristics of early humans’ … 11/24/2018 Q: What were the characteristics of early humans’ … Society? By 600 BCE (end of Period #1) 1.1 I A Humans used fire in new ways: to aid hunting and foraging, to protect against predators and to adapt to cold environments. 1.1 I B Humans developed a wider range of tools specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundra. November 24, 2018 Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org
Q: What were the characteristics of early humans’ … 11/24/2018 Q: What were the characteristics of early humans’ … Religion? Most likely animistic. 1.1 I A Humans used fire in new ways: to aid hunting and foraging, to protect against predators and to adapt to cold environments. 1.1 I B Humans developed a wider range of tools specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundra. November 24, 2018 Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org
Q: What were the characteristics of early humans’ … 11/24/2018 Q: What were the characteristics of early humans’ … Technology? Stone Tools/Weapons Specially adapted to different environments. (What works in the tropics won’t in the tundra!) 1.1 I A Humans used fire in new ways: to aid hunting and foraging, to protect against predators and to adapt to cold environments. 1.1 I B Humans developed a wider range of tools specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundra. November 24, 2018 Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org
Q: What were the characteristics of early humans’ … 11/24/2018 Q: What were the characteristics of early humans’ … Technology? Stone Tools/Weapons (no wheel yet!) Fire Useful in slash & burn agriculture Protection against animals Keeping warm in cold climates Food 1.1 I A Humans used fire in new ways: to aid hunting and foraging, to protect against predators and to adapt to cold environments. 1.1 I B Humans developed a wider range of tools specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundra. November 24, 2018 Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org
Q: What were the characteristics of early humans’ … 11/24/2018 Q: What were the characteristics of early humans’ … Economy? Small kinship groups of 30-50 people. Some were self-sufficient Trade, including … People Ideas Goods Very limited range of contact w/ other groups 1.1 I A Humans used fire in new ways: to aid hunting and foraging, to protect against predators and to adapt to cold environments. 1.1 I B Humans developed a wider range of tools specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundra. November 24, 2018 Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org
Q: What were the characteristics of early humans’ … 11/24/2018 Q: What were the characteristics of early humans’ … Culture? 1.1 I A Humans used fire in new ways: to aid hunting and foraging, to protect against predators and to adapt to cold environments. 1.1 I B Humans developed a wider range of tools specially adapted to different environments from tropics to tundra. November 24, 2018 Bill Strickland bstrickl@egrps.org