When you arrive: Please do your warm up quietly.

Unit Overview How did humanity transition from a nomadic life style to an established life style and establish an advanced way of life called “Civilization”. Paleolithic Age Humanity was nomadic, moving from place to place. Basic Culture and Technology existed Neolithic Age Humanity begins to settle in small villages. Culture and Technology become more advanced. Civilization: 5 characteristics Eastern Mediterranean: Sumer and Egypt The Agriculture Revolution 2 million BCE ……………………………………………….500BCE

Merchants and Artisans Review A Civilization has…….. Advanced Cities Specialized Workers Complex Institutions Government Religion Economy Record Keeping Technology Ruler Religious Leaders Merchants and Artisans Farmers and Slaves

Today's Key Questions How were the first civilizations in Egypt and Sumer founded? What was it like to live in Egypt and Sumer? We will use the themes. How were the civilization in Egypt and Sumer similar ? How were they different?

The Earliest Civilizations Eastern Med

Eastern Mediterranean Civilizations Nile River Valley Mesopotamia Eastern Mediterranean Civilizations

Geography A natural crossroads connecting Asia, Africa, and Europe. Regular Floods These floods would provide large amounts of silt The floods were destructive It was resource poor.

How did these features influence life in Sumer? 1. Many different groups came and took over the area. 2. They had to trade to get needed resources 3. The Floods provided fertile land 4. The floods were unpredictable and destructive.

Government Kings “Lugals” Ruled Kings “Lugals” Ruled Jobs: Protect this lands and keep up irrigation. Dynasties: Family rule They were not united, they were City States City State: A political Unit where a large city rules the surrounding villages and land. Kings “Lugals” Ruled Because they controlled the army Jobs: Protect this lands and keep up irrigation. Dynasties: Family rule They were not united, they were City States City State: A political Unit where a large city rules the surrounding villages and land.

Culture Polytheistic Gods were human like but had more power. VERY NEGATIVE The Ziggurat: A religious temple.

Advanced Technology

Record Keeping: Cuneiform: Written language of Mesopotamia

Economics Trade was necessary due to the lack of resources

Social At first women and men were almost equal. Social Classes developed through specialization. At first women and men were almost equal. Over time, men took over more of the jobs and women lost status. Kings/ Priests Merchants and Artisans Farmers/Slaves

Egypt

Geography: Desert Climate Lack of Natural Resources Yearly and predictable floods

Government Egypt was united Theocracy: A system of government where the leader is a divine figure. Pharaoh: Leader of the Egyptian government, religion, and army. Bureaucracy: The workers of the govt. who implemented the decisions of the ruler. Two most important: Vizier The Chief minister Scribe: a person who is trained to read and write. Tutankhamon 1336-1327 B. C. E. Ramses II 1279-1212 B. C. E.

Culture They had a polytheistic religion with gods representing the most important features of their environment. Osiris: God of Afterlife & Death Isis: Rep. the Wind Horus: son of Isis and Osiris he rep. the sky

Egyptian Book of the Dead

Preparations for the Underworld ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather. Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit

Materials Used in Mummification 1. Linen 6. Natron 2. Sawdust 7. Onion 3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud 4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads 5. Resin 10. Frankinsense

Journey to the Underworld The dead travel on the “Solar Bark.” A boat for the journey is provided for a dead pharaoh in his tomb.

The Final Judgment Anubis Horus Osiris

Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols Record Keeping Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols

Technology

Economics Nile River Valley Mesopotamia Egypt had to trade to get needed materials. They traded for wood, metals, wealth, and gems.

Egypt: Social Hierarchy Scribes: People who could read and write Egypt: Social Hierarchy

This is where the upper class lived.

Most people lived here

Social More social classes so more jobs. Woman in Egypt enjoyed a higher status and greater independence than other places in the ancient world

Today's Key Questions How were the first civilizations in Egypt and Sumer founded? What was it like to live in Egypt and Sumer? Use the themes. How were the civilization in Egypt and Sumer similar ? How were they different?